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Habitat
By:
Vishal.N.Rao
IX D
9448
EXTERNAL
FEATURES
of
ARTHROPODS
By:Mayur.S.K
9D
FEATURES
FEATURES
EXOSKELETON
Epidermis secretes an
external skeleton called the exoskeleton.
Advantages of possessing an
exoskeleton: provides strong support.
provides rigid levers that muscles can
attach to and pull against.
offers protection.
serves as a barrier to prevent internal
tissues from drying out; important
because many arthropods live on land.
serves as a barrier to prevent
infection.
STRUCTURE
Composed of the polysaccharide
chitin and protein glycoprotein.
Outer surface called the epicuticle;
contains waxes .
The thicker portion is called the
procuticle which is divided into: exocuticle .
endocuticle.
In the exocuticle, the glycoprotein
chains are cross linked; process is
DIAGRAM
Epicuticle
Exocuticle
Procuticle
Endocuticle
Epidermis
MOULTING
In arthropods , such asinsects,arachnids
andcrustaceans, moulting is the shedding of
theexoskeleton(which is often called
itsshell), typically to let the organism grow.
This process is calledecdysis. It is
commonly said thatecdysisis necessary
because the exoskeleton is rigid and cannot
grow like skin, but this is simplistic, ignoring
the fact mostArthropodawith soft, flexible
skins also undergo ecdysis. The new
exoskeleton is initially soft but hardens
after the moulting of the old exoskeleton.
STAGES
EXAMPLE
JOINTED APPENDAGES
Exoskeleton divided into a number
of plates and
cylinders.
At the junction point between plates and cylinders, the
exoskeleton remains thin and flexible; these are the joints.
Jointed appendages allows arthropods to move efficiently and
quickly.
Muscles are integral to arthropod movement; they attach to the
inner side of the exoskeleton; they often function as a lever
system.
Vertebratejoint
Arthropodjoint
ArthropodSegmentation:ReductioninMetamerism
SEGMENTATION
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Digestive System
By:
R.C.Vikram
Nag
IX D
9448
Red Group
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Arthropods have open circulatory
systems, although most have a few short,
open-ended arteries. Capillaries absent,
arteries directly open into the sinuses,
which together form a haemocoel which is
filled with haemolymph. The blood is
colourless due to absence of haemoglobin
pigment but the most common respiratory
pigment in arthropods is copper-based
hemocyanin; this is used by many
crustaceans and a few centipedes. Heart is
tubular and lies on the dorsal side.
Excretion
By Gaurav S Athreya
In Crustaceans
Crustaceans have green
glands, which is a pair of
excretory organs. Green
glands collect waste
leftover in different parts of
the body, including the
bloodstream. These are
connected by ducts that
lead to pores located under
In Insects
Insects have malpighian
tubules which gathers waste from
blood and puts them into an
excretory duct that leads to
intensine. Excretion is eliminated in
feces.
REPRODUCTION IN
ARTHROPODS
By Pragun J
A few arthropods
arehermaphroditic, that is, each can
have the organs of bothsexes.
However, individuals of most species
remain of one sex their entire lives.
Most arthropods reproduce bysexual
reproduction.Aquaticarthropods may
breed by external fertilization or
byinternal fertilization where
fertilization takes place inside the
body . All known terrestrial
arthropods use internal
Economic Importance
Pictures of arthropods
Palaemon
Cancer
Lobster
Grasshopper
Cockroach
Prawn
Crab
Scorpion
Praying Mantis
Millipede
Tarantula
Mosquito