Ika Wahyuniari

Dept. of Histology
Faculty of Medicine

Cells often aggregate into a

tissue
TISSUE consists of cells &
extracellular matrix (ECM)
Epithelial tissue : >> cells &
<< ECM (basal lamina)
Cell-cell adhesion (cell adhesion

molecules)
Cell-matrix adhesion (cell adhesion

Tissue : Cells & ECM

Epithelial tissue

Connective
Tissue

OUTLINE
1. Cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion
2.
3.
4.
5.

in epithelial tissue
Polarity of epithelium
Classification of epithelial tissue
Functional structure of epithelial
tissue
Clinical implication

Cadherin

Cell-cell adhesion

Cell-Adhesion molecules
(CAMs)
Cells in tissues can adhere to one another

(cell-cell adhesion) & cell-matrix adhesion

through specialized integral membrane
proteins called cell-adhesion molecules

Four major families of cell adhesion

molecules:
Cadherins
Integrins
Ig Superfamily
Selectins

Cadherin

In epithelial cells, CAMs are clustered in

discrete patches or spots called cell
junctions.
Cell junction present in most tissue but
are prominent in epithelial tissue
In other cells, CAMs can be broadly
distributed along the regions of plasma
membrane that contact other cells.

3 major classes of cell

junction:
1. Occluding Junction physical barrier
Tight Junction

2. Anchoring Junction couple neighboring

cells/ECM
Zonula adherens
Macula adherens (desmosome)
Hemidesmosome
3. Communicating Junction transfer signal
Gap junction

1. Tight Junction = Zonula

occludentes
Belt-like junction
Prevent the

movement of
integral proteins
between the apical
and the basolateral
domain
Prevent material
from passing
between cells
(paracellular

Molecular structure of tight

junction

ex. Tight junction between the

epithelial cells of the urinary

bladder concentrated toxin
would not seep into the
extracellular space

2. Anchoring junctions exhibit

the same basic architectural
design

Anchoring junctions
exhibit the same basic
architectural design
cell adhesion molecules usually consist of

transmembrane glycoproteins, such as

cadherin at cell-cell contact and integrin at
matrix contact.
the cytosol-facing domain of CAMs recruit
adapter protein/peripheral membrane
proteins, act as linkers that connect CAMs
to elements of the cytoskeleton.

a. Zonula Adherens
Belt-like junction =

Adhesion belt
Consist of :
E-Cadherin
Plaque protein
Actin Filament

Maintaining cell-cell

adherence

b. Macula Adherens =
Desmosomes
Randomly distributed
Consist of :
E-cadherin
Plaques protein
Intermediate
filaments
Reduce shearing

forces

3.Gap Junction
Widespread
Consist of
Connexin

connexons
Permitting the
passage of various
small molecules

Cell-matrix adhesion

Hemidesmosomes
Attach the basal cell

membrane to basal
lamina
Consist of :
Integrin
Plaque
Intermediate

filaments

In general, Extracellular
matrix is composed of:
1. Ground Substances
. GAG
. Proteoglycan
. Adhesive glycoprotein

2. Fibers
. Collagen
. Elastic

In epithelial tissue, ECM

(Basal lamina) is composed
of:
1. Ground Substances
. GAG (heparan sulfat)
. Proteoglycan (perlacan)
. Adhesive glycoprotein

(laminin & entactin)

2. Fibers
. Type IV collagen

Adhesive Glycoprotein
(laminin)
Fasten the various

components of
tissue to each other
Have binding sites :
Cell
membrane(integr
in)
Fiber (type
IVcollagen)
Proteoglycan
(perlecan)

Organization of Basal
Lamina (ECM in epithelial
tissue)

POLARITY OF EPITHELIAL
CELL
Related to cellular morphology and function.

Apical
domain

Basolateral
domain

Apical Specializations of
Epithelial Cells
Microvilli
brush border in kidney and small intestine

Stereocilia
epididymis, hair cells of organon Corti

Cilia (Kinocilia)
respiratory tract, tuba palopii (oviduct)

Flagella
Spermatozoa

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
1. epithelial membranes
2. as glands

Classification of Epithelial
Membranes
Number of cell layer
Morphology of the epithelial cells

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS (NONKERATINIZED) EP

SIMPLE
CUBOIDAL
EP

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EP

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EP (ENDOTHEL)

Functions of
Epithelia
Protection
Transcellular transport
Secretion
Absorption
Selective permeability
Detection of sensation
Contractility (myoepithelium of glands)

CLASSIFICATION OF GLANDS
1.Exocrine Gland Duct (+)
2.Endocrine Gland Duct (-)

Histology Structure of
Exocrine Glands
Parenchyme

* Acini
* Duct
Stroma

MYOEPITHELIAL CELL = BASKET CELL

Stellate/spindl
e
shaped
Base of
acinar
and duct cells
in glands
Contain
actin/myosin;

MYOEPITHELIAL CELL

Mucous
acinus

CLASSIFICATION OF EXOCRINE
GLANDS
1. Nature of their secretion
2. Mode of secretion
3. The number of cells

1. Nature of their
secretion
Serous Glands
Mucous Glands
Mixed Glands

Serous
Glands

Mucous
Glands

Mixed Glands

SERO MUC
US OUS
SEC Water Visco
RET y
us
NUC Roun Flat
LEUS d
shape
LUM Narro Large
EN w
r
H.E Redis Pale
STAI h
blue
NING purple
ORG Mitoc Mitoc
ANEL hondri hondri

2. Mode of Secretion

Holocrine : sebaceous

gland
Merocrine : sweat
glands

3. The Number of Cells

Unicellular
Multicellular

* seromucous
* mucoserous

GOBLET cell

MULTICELLULAR GLANDS (Mucoserous)

MULTICELLULAR GLANDS (Seromucous)

Morphology of Multicellular Glands

Simple Tubular Glands (Fundus of

Gastric

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EP

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the

bronchi of heavy smokers squamous metaplasia

epithelial cells
because of loss of E-chaderin
expression

SUMMARY
Epithelial tissue consists of cells and

basal lamina (ECM)

Cells aggregate into a epithelial
tissue through cell-cell and cellmatrix adhesion
Epithelial tissue : epithelial
membrane and gland

THANK YOU