CH.

2 Tension & COMPRESSION

LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

Chapter 5 Internal forces in bending;

Properties of matirials

5.1

Introduction

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.3

Shearing forces and bending moments

5.4

Shear-Force and Bending-Moment diagrams

5.5

Relations among shear force, bending moment and

loads
5.6

Internal forces in frames and curve beams

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

Chapter 5 Internal forces in bending;

Properties of matirials

5.1

Introduction

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.3

Shearing forces and bending moments

5.4

Shear-Force and Bending-Moment diagrams

5.5

Relations among shear force, bending moment and

loads
5.6

Internal forces in frames and curve beams

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Concept of bending
1. Bending: Members subjected to external forces and moments
perpendicular to the axle,and the axle become to curve.
Bending deformation

2. Beam Member subjected mainly to bending deformation

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.1 Introduction
3. Example

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.1 Introduction
Symmetric bending---special case of plane bending
Cross-section

Longitudinal symmetric plane

F1

F2
Axle

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.1 Introduction

Non-symmetric bending No longitudinal symmetric

surface or external forces not in longitudinal
symmetric plane.
For us, Discuss mainly symmetric bending including
stresses, deformations, strength, and stiffness
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Chapter 5 Internal forces in bending;

Properties of matirials

5.1

Introduction

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.3

Shearing forces and bending moments

5.4

Shear-Force and Bending-Moment diagrams

5.5

Relations among shear force, bending moment and

loads
5.6

Internal forces in frames and curve beams

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.2.1 Supporters and reactions
Hinged supporter
Two reactions one horizontal freedom.

FAy

FAx

roll-supporter
One reaction two freedoms .
Fixed end
Three reactiona, zero
freedom.
FAx
FAy
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

FAy
MA

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.3.2 Three types of statically determined beams
Simplly supported beam

M Couple

q(x) Distributed
force

Cantilever bean
Overhanging beam
q

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

F Concentrated
force

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

Ex.5.1 Shown is the circular cylinder tank of L=5m inside diameter
D=1m thicknesst =10mm density of steel s= 7.8g/cm density of liquid
l= 1g/cm; height of the liquid surface h=0.8m extensional length a=1m
Plot mechanical sketch of the tank.

Solution
q

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

mg Vg A1L 1g A2 L 2 g A g A g

1 1
2 2
L
L
L
1 2
2
Dt 1 g [R R ( sin )] 2 g
2

3.14 1 0.01 7800 9.8 [3.14 0.52

1
0.52 (1.855 sin106.3)] 1000 9.8
2
=9kN/m
q
( 106.30 1.855rad)

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Chapter 5 Internal forces in bending;

Properties of matirials

5.1

Introduction

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.3

Shearing forces and bending moments

5.4

Shear-Force and Bending-Moment diagrams

5.5

Relations among shear force, bending moment and

loads
5.6

Internal forces in frames and curve beams

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

13

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

5.3.1 Internal forcs in bending

a
Ex.5.1 Knowing
F a l. Find internal
forces on the section x from
A.
Solution Find
reactions
F X 0 , F Ax 0

Fa
M A 0 , FB l
F( l a )
FY 0 , FAy l
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

F
B

x
m
l

FAx A
FAy

B
FB

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

Find internal forces

FAx A

F( l a )
Fy 0 , Fs FAy l
M C 0 , M FAy x

FAy

Shearing force
Bending moment

1. Bending moment M
M
Moment acting on the cross-section
and the moment vector perpendicular
to the axis.
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Fs
M

C
FAy

B
FB

x
A

Internal forces

Fs

C
FB

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

2. Shearing force Fs :
Internal force acting on the cross-section.
3. Convention of sense of internal forces Fs and M:
Fs: Fs is positive when moment of Fs to the arbitrary
internal point is clock-wised.
Fs(+
Fs(-)
)
Fs(+
Fs(-)
M: Positive when M) makes the infinitesimal portion to be
down-convex.
M(+)

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

M(+)

M()

M()

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

Ex.5.2 Find internal forces on the section A+, E and

D- Solution:
M e Fl

1. Reactions

E
A

FAy=2F, MA=Fl
2. Fs and M on the A+
FsA+=-FAy=-2F

FsE=-FAy=-2F
ME=Me-FAy=0
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

l/2
l

FAy

MA+=Me-FAy=Fl
3. Fs and M on the E

FBy

ME
Me
A
FAy

E MA+

MA+
.5 l
FsA+

FAy

FsA+

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

4. Fs and M on the D

M e Fl
E
A

FsD-=F

MD-=0

FBy

l/2
l

FAy
F
D

MD-

FsD-

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

Method 2:
Simple cross-section method M e Fl
Fs,A+=-2F
MA+=Fl
Fs,E=-2F
ME+=Me-FAy.5l=0
Fs,D=-2F+FBy=F
MA+=Me-FAy 2l+FBy l=0

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

E
A

FBy

l/2
FAy
A+

D-

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

Ex.2 Find Fs and M on sections 1-1 and 2-2(l=a+b)

q
1-1
2-2
Solution
ql
1. Reactions
a
x1

FBy = ql - qb ( )

b
x2

qb 2
MB =
ql 2
2

()

2. Fs and M

Fs Fi , y ,

M M c ( Fi )

1-1: Fs =-ql, M=-qlx1

q (x2 a ) 2
2-2: Fs ql q (x2 a ) , M qlx 2
2
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.3

Shearing force and bending moment

1 1--1 2--2
ql

q
1
1

l 2

Fs1 = -qL
M1 0

Fs2 ql ql 0
l
M 2 -ql 2l ql
2
3ql 2

2
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Chapter 5 Internal forces in bending;

Properties of matirials

5.1

Introduction

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.3

Shearing forces and bending moments

5.4

Shear-Force and Bending-Moment diagrams

5.5

Relations among shear force, bending moment and

loads
5.6

Internal forces in frames and curve beams

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

23

5.4 Equations of Fs and M

Diagrams of Fs and M
1. Equations of internal forces
Fs Fs ( x )

M M ( x)

2. Diagrams of Fs and M
Curves expressed by equations of
Fs Diagram
shearing forces
M Diagram

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Curves expressed by equations of

bending mpment

5.4 Equations of Fs and MDiagrams of Fs and M

A

Ex.5.1 The cantilever. Find

Equs. of Fs and M; Plot Fs

l
MA

and M diagrams.

Fs(x)

FAy

Solution Reactions:

M(x)

FAy = F; M A = Fl

x
Fs

Equations of Fs and M

FS ( x ) F

+
x

FL

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

M ( x ) M A FAy
F (l x )
Plot Fs, M diagrams

5.4 Equations of Fs and MDiagrams of Fs and M

MA

FAy

F
L

Fs(x)

F
x

M ( x ) M A FAy

M(x)
x

F (l x )

M ,
+M

FL
M(x)

FS ( x ) F

FL

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.4 Equations of Fs and MDiagrams of Fs and M

Ex.5.2 Knowing F a b l. Set up Fs, M Equs.
F
Plot Fs, M diagrams.
b
a
FAy
Solution Reactions
A
aF
bF
C
FBy
F Ay
l
l
l
Internal force Equs.
Fs
A
Fb
l

AC

Fs1 FAy

CB

Fbx 1
M 1 F Ay x 1
l

Fs2 FAy

FAy
A

- Fa
F
l

M 2 F Ay x 2 F ( x 2 a )
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Fa ( l x 2 )
l

x1

FAy

FB
B

M
F
x2 1
x

Fs

5.4 Equations of Fs and MDiagrams of Fs and M

Fa
Fs,max
(a b )
l
Fs(x)
Fab
M max
l

Fb/l
+

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Fa/l

M(x)

FB

Plot internal forces

FAy

Fab/l

5.4 Equations of Fs and MDiagrams of Fs and M

Ex.5.2 Knowing q l. Set up Fs, M Equs..
q
Plot Fs, M diagrams.
FAy
Solution Reactions
ql
FAy FBy
2

A
l
M

Internal force Equs.

q
Fs FAy qx ( l 2x )
2
qx 2 qx
M F Ay x

(l x )
2
l

Fs
FAy

FAy
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

FBy

x1

x1

Simple crosssection
Method

5.4 Equations of Fs and MDiagrams of Fs and M

Fs,max =

M max

2
ql 2
=
8

Discussion:

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

FAy

FBy
B

A
l
Fs(x)

ql/2
x

+
-

Plot Fs and M
diagrams.
ql

+ +
M(x)

ql2/8

ql/2
x

5.4 Equations of Fs and MDiagrams of Fs and M

q
Fs FAy qx ( l 2x )
2
qx 2 qx
M F Ay x

(l x )
2
l

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

dFs ( x )
q( x )
dx
dM ( x )
Fs ( x )
dx
d 2 M ( x)
q( x )
2
dx

Chapter 5 Internal forces in bending;

Properties of matirials

5.1

Introduction

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.3

Shearing forces and bending moments

5.4

Shear-Force and Bending-Moment diagrams

5.5

Relations among shear force, bending moment and

loads
5.6

Internal forces in frames and curve beams

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

32

5.5 Relations among Fs, M and q

5.5.1 Relations among Fs, M and q
dFs ( x )
q( x )
dx
dM ( x )
Fs ( x )
dx
d 2 M ( x)
q( x )
2
dx

F 0,
M 0,
x

Fs qdx ( Fs dFs ) 0
M dM Fs dx M 0

q
B

A
x

dx
q

Fs

M+dM
dx

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Fs+dFs

5.5 Relations among Fs, M and q

5.5.2 Plot Fs, M diagrams using relations among Fs, M and q

1
Fs M
2
Fs M

dFs ( x )
q( x )
dx
dM ( x )
Fs ( x )
dx
d 2 M ( x)
q( x )
2
dx

1
2

3 Fs M q

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.5 Relations among Fs, M and q

q

Ex.5.5.1 Plot Fs, M diagrams.FAy

ql
FAy
8

C
C
B
xD

ql
8
ql
8
- 3ql
8
- 3ql
8

l/2

3ql
FBy
8

ql 2
16
ql 2
16

ql/8

3ql / 8

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

l/2

9ql 2
128

F and M on controlling sections

Fs(x)
section Fs M
A

Solution Reactions

FBy

ql 2 / 16

M(x)

9ql 2 / 128

5.5 Relations among Fs, M and q

Ex.5.5.2 Plot Fs, M diagrams. qa2
Solution Reactions
qa
FAy
2

7qa
FBy
2

qa
qa 2
2
- qa
qa 2
2
- 3qa
qa 2
2
- 5qa
qa 2
2
qa
qa 2

D-

qa

A
C
C

9qa 2
Fs 0 , M
8

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

FAy
F and M on controlling sections
section Fs

qa

qa/2

qa
B
a
FBy
qa

a/2

qa/2
3qa/2

5qa/2
qa2

qa2

9qa /8
2

qa2

Chapter 5 Internal forces in bending;

Properties of matirials

5.1

Introduction

5.2 Types of beams and reactions

5.3

Shearing forces and bending moments

5.4

Shear-Force and Bending-Moment diagrams

5.5

Relations among shear force, bending moment and

loads
5.6

Internal forces in frames and curve beams

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

37

5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams

1. Frames, Plane frames,

Internal forces

2. Curved beams Plane

curved beams, Internal forces

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams

Exa.6 Drawing M-diagram of the frame ABC shown.
Solution: (1) Find reactions

1.5a

x2

(2) List bending equations

Portion BC, M(x2)= -a+Px2=P(x2-a)
Portion AB, M(x1)= -Px1
Pa
(3) Draw moment diagram of the frame
a
Pa
C
A
P
x1
P

B
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

0.5Pa

5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams

Ex. 7 Plot FN, Fs,, M diagrams of the frame.
F1
a
F2
B

FN Fig.

F2

F1

F1

F1a
F1a

A
+
FS Fig.
M Fig.
F1a+ F2 l
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams

Ex.8 Plot Fs and M diagrams of the curved beam.
A
M

Fs

FN

Solution Internal forces in arbitrary

section:

M=FRsinj
Fs Fcos

FN Fsin

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

FR

5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams

Ex.5 Plot Fs and M diagrams.
MA
Solution Reactions
FAy 2qa

M A qa 2 / 2

Fs and M on controlling sections FAy

Sec.

Fs

2qa

Fs(qa)

qa2

qa

B
a

2a

qa 2 / 2

qa

2qa

qa

qa 2

C
D-

qa
- qa

qa 2
0

Fs 0 , M 3qa 2 / 2

Fs ,
CH.5 INTERNAL diagrams
FORCES IN BENDING

1
1

1/2

M(qa2)
2

x
3/2

5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams

q0 [ 5.7]

qL
qL
RA 0 ; RB 0
6
3

L
RA
2

q0 L
6

RB
Q(x)
3
L
3

q0 L
3

3q0 L2
27
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING
M(x)

q
Q( x ) 0 ( L2 3x 2 )
6L
q0 x 2
M ( x)
( L x2 )
6L

5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams

[ 4]

L
q
M(x)
x

Q(x)

Q(x)
x
qL
x

M(x)

qL2

2
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

Q( x ) qx
1
M ( x ) qx 2
2

5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams

[ 9]
P
PL
M
PL
P
M1

0.5PL
+

0.5P

L
PL

0.5PL

0.5P
M2

+
-

0.5P

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING

0.5P

0.5PL