Indonesian

Architecture

Presented by
Elesterio,Hance
Olivar,Mabel
Juanir,Philip
Angeles.Ricardo
Abelinde,Cristal

introduction

INDONESIA

Capital: Jakarta
Form of government: Elected Legislature and President
Indonesia is a country with a vast natural beauty stretching
from Sabang to Merauke. It is asovereign stateinSoutheast
Asia and Oceania and is an archipelagocomprising13,466
islands.
It
encompasses33
provincesand1
Special
Administrative Region (for being governed by a pre-colonial
monarchy) with over 238 million people, making it the world's
fourthmost populous country.

introduction

Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct

nativeethnicandlinguistic groups.
A shared identity has developed, defined by a national
language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a
majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism
and rebellion against it.
Despite its large population and densely populated
regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that
support the world's second highest level ofbiodiversity.
The country has abundant natural resources, yet
poverty remains widespread.

Javanese largest and politically dominant ethnic group

Motto: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in
Diversity"literally,"many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that
shapes the country

Architecture of
Indonesia

TheArchitecture of Indonesia reflects the diversity of

cultural, historical and geographic influences that
have shaped Indonesia as a whole. Invaders,
colonizers, missionaries, merchants and traders
brought cultural changes that had a profound effect
on building styles and techniques. Traditionally, the
most significant foreign influence has been Indian.
However, Chinese, Araband since the 18th and
19th centuriesEuropean influences have played
significant
roles
too
in
shaping
Indonesian
architecture.

adfrgnbc

materials

Brick
Timber/Hard Wood/
Worok Wood

Coconut Trunk
Sugar Palm Leaves

Bamboo

materials

Rice Straw

Alang-alang Grass

Coconut Fiber

climate

Theclimate
ofIndonesiais almost
entirely
tropical. Temperature varies little from season to
season, and Indonesia experiences relatively
little change in the length of daylight hours from
one season to the next; the difference between
the longest day and theshortest dayof the year
is only forty-eight minutes. This allows crops to
be grown all year round.

climate

Influence to Architecture
Row houses, canals and enclosed solid walls - first thought as
protection against tropical diseases coming from tropical air, years
later the Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with local
building features (long eaves, verandahs, porticos, large windows
and ventilation openings)
The sharply inclined roof allows the heavy tropical rain to quickly
sheet off, and large overhanging eaves keep water out of the
house and provide shade in the heat. In hot and humid-low lying
coastal regions, homes can have many windows providing good
cross-ventilation, whereas in cooler mountainous interior areas,
homes often have a vast roof and few windows.

climate

Influence to Architecture

The Indo-European hybrid villa of the 19 th century was

among the first colonial buildings to incorporate
Indonesian architectural elements and attempt
adapting to the climate. The basic form, such as the
longitudinal organizations of spaces and use of joglo
and limasan roof structures, was Javanese, but
incorporated European decorative elements such as
neo-classical columns around deep verandahs.

geography

Indonesiais anarchipelagicisland countryinSoutheast

Asia, lying between theIndian Oceanand thePacific
Ocean. It is in a strategic location astride or along major
sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean. The
country's variations in culture have been shaped
although not specifically determinedby centuries of
complex interactions with the physical environment.
Although Indonesians are now less vulnerable to the
effects of nature as a result of improved technology and
social programs, to some extent their social diversity has
emerged
from
traditionally
different
patterns
of
adjustment to their physical circumstances.

geography
Influence to Architecture

Building houses off the ground allows breezes to

moderate the hot tropical temperatures; it elevates the
dwelling above storm water runoff and mud; it allows
houses to be built on rivers and wetland margins; it
keeps people, goods and food from dampness and
moisture; lifts living quarters above malaria-carrying
mosquitos; and reduces the risk ofdry rotandtermites.

The sharply inclined roof allows the heavy tropical rain

to quickly sheet off, and large overhangingeaveskeep
water out of the house and provide shade in the heat.

geography

Influence to Architecture

In hot and humid low-lying coastal regions, homes can

have many windows providing good cross-ventilation,
whereas in cooler mountainous interior areas, homes
often have a vast roof and few windows. Traditional
buildings in Indonesia are built on stilts with oversized
saddle roofs which have been the home of the Batak
and the Toraja.

religion
principle
Pancasila,

The
first
foundation,
onlyGod".

ofIndonesia's
philosophical
is "belief in the one and

A number of different religions are practiced in the

country, and their collective influence on the country's
political, economic and cultural life is significant.

The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of

religion.

religion

The government only recognizes six official religions

(Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism
and Confucianism).

Indonesian law requires that every Indonesian

citizenhold anidentity cardthat identifies that person
with one of these six religions, although citizens may be
able to leave that section blank.

agnosticismoratheism, andblasphemy is illegal.

religion

Influence to Architecture
Architecture in Indonesia focuses on defining terms that relate
to their religions such as; Islam, Buddhist, early Indonesia
Hindu, and Balinese Hindu.
They make representations of religious sculptures, carvings,
and temples. It is important to realize that the Indonesian
forms of the above religions have been adapted to
accommodate pre-existing Indonesian beliefs and customs and
that this is evident in the religious architecture found in
Indonesia today.
Architectural heritage influences by religious are commonly
found in Java.

Types of Architecture

religious
architecture

Although religious architecture has been

widespread in Indonesia, the most significant
was developed in Java. The island's long tradition
of religious syncretism extended to architecture,
which fostered uniquely Javanese styles of
Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic, and to a lesser extent,
Christian architecture.

 Candi = Religious structures

- large and sophisticated,
tower-like structures
- built in Java during the peak
of Indonesias Great HinduBuddhist
Kingdoms
(18th-14th
Century)
The earliest surviving Hindu
temples in Java are at the Dieng
Plateau,
thought
to
have
originally numbered as many as
400, only 8 remain today.
* Dieng Structures
- small and relatively plain
But
architecture
developed
substantially and just 100 years
later the second Kingdom of
Mataram built the Prambanan
complex
near
Yogyakarta;

Complek Candi Arjuna

Candi Prambanan, Yogyakarta,

Indonesia

The
origin
of
Buddhist and Hindu
temple are built of
stone,
which
is
raised
on
a
basement
and
surmounted by a
stepped pyramidal
roof,
ornamented
with
relics.
In
symbolic terms, the
building is as a
representation
of
the
legendary
Mount Meru, which
in Hindu-Buddhist
mythology
is

 Buddhist
monument,
Borobudur
- a World Heritage site
- built by the Sailendra
Dynasty between 750 and 850
AD, but it was abandoned shortly
after its completion as a result of
the decline of Buddhism and a
shift of power to eastern Java.
- contains a vast number of
intricate carvings that tell a story
as one moves through to the
upper
levels,
metaphorically
reaching enlightenment.
With the decline of the Mataram
Kingdom, eastern Java became
the focus of religious architecture
with an exuberant style reflecting
Shaivist, Buddhist and Javanese
influences; a fusion that was
characteristic
of
religion
throughout Java.

Burobudor Temple, Java

The Majapahit Era

The use of bricks in Indonesias
Classical Era
mastered by the Majapahit
builders, using a mortar of vine
sap and palm sugar
Temples of Majapahit
- have a strong geometrical
quality with a sense of verticality
achieved through the use of
numerous horizontal lines often
with an almost art-deco sense of
streamlining and proportion
Majapahit influences can be seen
today in the enormous number of
Hindu temples of varying sizes
spread throughout Bali. Although
they have elements in common
with global Hindu styles, they are
of a style largely unique to Bali
and owe much to the Majapahit
era.

Majapahit Hindu Temple

Mosques
(15th Century)
Islam had become the dominant
religion in Java and Sumatra,
Indonesia's two most populous
islands;
absorbed
and
reinterpreted, with mosques given
a
unique
Indonesian/Javanese
interpretation.
Menara Kudus Mosque in Kudus

Sultan Suriansyah Mosque in

Banjarmasin

Javanese Mosques
- took many design cues from
Hindu, Buddhist, and even Chinese
architectural influences
- lacked, for example, the
ubiquitous Islamic dome which did
not appear in Indonesia until the
19th century,
- had tall timber, multi-level
roofs similar to the pagodas of
Balinese
Hindu
temples
still
common today

Mosques
(19th Century)
- sultanates of Indonesian
archipelago began to adopt and
absorb foreign influences of Islamic
architecture
- The Indo-Islamic and Moorish
style are particularly favoured
as displayed in Banda Aceh
Baiturrahman Grand Mosque built
in 1881, and Medan Grand Mosque
built in 1906
- mosques have tended to be
built in styles more consistent with
global Islamic styles, which mirror
the trend in Indonesia towards
more orthodox practice of Islam

Bandah Aceh Baiturrahman

Grand Mosque

Medan Grand Mosque

Gala Mosque, Tembayat

Gala Mosque

- the oldest mosque in Java

that survives through time
- one of the examples of IndoJavanese culture style top of the
hill building one characteristic of
the
Hindu-Buddhist
religious
buildings in Java, while the tick wall
was influenced from Gujarati
architecture
and
the
tajug
wooden-tile roof structure was
from
Javanese
traditional
architecture
- set as the Objects of Cultural
Property (Tangible Heritage) by the
Indonesian
Institute
for
Preservation
of
Archaeological
Heritage (BP3) based on Law No. 5
year 1992

traditional and
vernacular architecture

Traditional and vernacular architecture in Indonesia originates

from two sources. One is the great Hindu tradition brought to
Indonesia from India via Java. The second is an indigenous
architecture pre-dating the Hindu epic.

It has its own unique form because Indonesia has 33 provinces;

each of Indonesias ethnic groups has its own distinctive form of
the traditional vernacular architecture, known as Rumah adat.

Traditional Indonesian homes are not architect designed, rather

villagers build their own homes, or community will their
resources for a structure built under the direction of a master
builder and/or a carpenter.

Rumah Adat
- Rumah adat or Custom House
is at the center of a web of
customs,
social
relations,
traditional laws, taboos, myths,
and religions that bind the villagers
together.
- The house provides the main
focus for the family and its
community, and is the point of
departure for many activities of its
residents.
Characteristics
timber construction,
varied
and
elaborate
roof
structures
longhouses on stilts
steep sloping roofs and heavy
gables
Built on stilts except for Java and
Bali

Rumah Adat Batak

Construction System:
post,
beam
and
lintel
structural system with either
wooden or bamboo walls
that are non-load bearing
rather than nails, mortis and
tenon joints and wooden
pegs are used

Some of the more significant and distinctiverumah adatinclude:

Batak architecture(North Sumatra) includes the boat-shaped jabu
homes of the Toba Batak people, with dominating carved gables and
dramatic oversized roof, and is based on an ancientmodel.
TheMinangkabauofWest Sumatrabuilds therumah gadang,
distinctive for their multiplegableswith dramatically upsweeping
ridge ends.
The homes ofNiaspeoples include theomo sebuachiefs' houses built
on massive ironwood pillars with towering roofs. Not only are they
almost impregnable to attack in former tribal warfare, but flexible
nail-less construction provide proven earthquake durability.
Rumah MelayuMalaytraditional houses built on stilts of Sumatra,
Borneo and Malay Peninsula.
TheRiauregion is characterized by villages built on stilts over
waterways.
Unlike most South East Asian vernacular homes,Javanesejogloare
not built on piles, and have become the Indonesian vernacular style
most influenced by European architectural elements.

 TheBubungan Tinggi, with their steeply pitched roofs, is the large

homes ofBanjareseroyalty and aristocrats inSouth Kalimantan.
TraditionalBalinese homesare a collection of individual; largely open
structures (including separate structures for the kitchen, sleeping
areas, bathing areas and shrine) within a high-walled garden
compound.
TheSasakpeople ofLombokbuildlumbung, pile-built bonnet-roofed
rice barns, that are often more distinctive and elaborate than their
houses.
Dayakpeople traditionally live in communallonghousesthat are built
on piles. The houses can exceed 300 m in length, in some cases
forming a whole village.
TheTorajaof theSulawesihighlands are renowned for
theirtongkonan, houses built on piles and dwarfed by massive
exaggerated-pitch saddle roofs.
Rumah adatonSumbahave distinctive thatched "high hat" roofs and
are wrapped with sheltered verandahs.
The Papuan Dani traditionally live in small family compounds
composed of several circular huts known as honay with thatched

palace architecture

Istana(or "palace") architecture of the various

kingdoms and realms of Indonesia is more often than
not based on the vernacularand domestic styles of the
area. Royal courts, however, were able to develop much
grander and elaborate versions of this traditional
architecture.

JavaneseKraton (Keraton
Javanese Royal palace)
Joglo Roof Frame

Gala Mosque

Characteristics:
large pendopos (pavilion) of
the joglo roof form
with tumpang sari
ornamentation that are
elaborate but based on
common Javanese forms.

The omo sebua ("chief's house") in Bawomataluo, Nias

- is an enlarged version of the homes in the village

The palaces of the Balinese

such
as
thePuri
AgunginGianyaruse
the
traditional baleform, and the
Pagaruyung Palace is a threestorey
version
of
the
Minangkabau Rumah Gadang.

Puri Agung

Pagaruyung Palace

Rumah gadang (Minangkabau:

"big house") or rumah bagonjong
(Minangkabau:
"spired
roof
house")
traditional
homes
(Indonesian: "rumah adat") of
the
Minangkabau.
The
architecture,
construction,
internal and external decoration,
and the functions of the house
reflect the culture and values of
the Minangkabau.
- Arumah gadangserves as
a residence, a hall for family
meetings, and for ceremonial
activities. In the matrilineal
Minangkabau society, therumah
gadang is owned by the women
of the family who live there;
ownership is passed from mother
to daughter.

Two basic designs (reflect two

variations of Minangkabau social
structure):
Thekoto piliangdesign reflects
an aristocratic and hierarchical
social structure, with the house
containing
anjuang(raised
floors) at each end to permit
elevated seating of clan leaders
during ceremonial events.
Thebodi caniagodesign reflects
a democratic social structure,
with the floors being flat and on

Architectural Elements of Rumah Gadang

Each element of arumah gadanghas its own symbolic meaning, which
is referred to in adapt speech andaphorisms. The elements of arumah
gadanginclude:

gonjong, hornlike roof structure

singkok, triangular wall under the ends ofgonjong
pereng, shelf under thesingkok
anjuang, raised floor at the end of one style ofrumah gadang
dindiang ari, the walls on the side elevations
dindiang tapi, the walls on the front and back elevations
papan banyak, front faade
papan sakapiang, a shelf or middle band on the periphery of the
house
salangko, wall enclosing space under a house that has been built
on stilt

Some symbolisms of the house:

relate to the gonjong reaching to god
dindiang tapi, which is traditionally made of plaited strips of bamboo,
symbolizing the strength and utility of the community which is formed
when individual
Minangkabau become part of the larger community instead of standing
alone.
The pillars of the idealrumah gadangare arranged in five rows which
run the length of the house. These rows divide the interior into four long
spaces calledlanjar. Thelanjarat the rear of the house is divided into
bedrooms (ruang). According to adat, arumah gadangmust have at
least five ruang, and the ideal number is nine. The otherlanjarare used
as a common area, called thelabuah gajah(elephant road), for living
and ceremonial events.
A number of rice barns (rangkiang) ideally accompany arumah gadang,
with each having a different name and function. Therangkiang sitinjau
lauik, contains rice for the family, particularly for adat ceremonies.
Therangkiang sitangka lapacontains rice for donation to poor villagers
and for times of famine in the village. Therangkiang sibayaubayaucontains rice for the daily needs of the family.

colonial architecture

16th and 17th centuries

- arrival of European powers in Indonesia who used masonry for much of
their construction.
- One of the first major Dutch settlements was Batavia (later named Jakarta)
which in the 17th and 18th centuries was a fortified brick and masonry city.
- the Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with local building
features (long eaves, verandahs, porticos, large windows and ventilation
openings)

The Indo-European hybrid villa of the 19th century was among the first
colonial buildings to incorporate Indonesian architectural elements and
attempt adapting to the climate. The basic form, such as the longitudinal
organization of spaces and use of joglo and limasan roof structures, was
Javanese, but it incorporated European decorative elements such as neoclassical columns around deep verandahs.

Indo-European Hybrid Villa

Indo-European homes
- Indonesian houses
European trims

with

In Early 20th Century

- European buildings with
Indonesian trims
- Practical measures carried
over from the earlier IndoEuropean
hybrids,
which
responded to the Indonesian
climate,
included
overhanging
eaves,
larger
windows
and
ventilation in the walls
End of 19th Century
- improvements to technology,
communications
and
transportation
- Modernistic buildings required
for such development appeared in
great numbers, and were heavily
influenced by international styles
includes train stations, business
hotels, factories and office blocks,

*Bali
-Colonial rule was never as
extensive as it was in Java
it was only in 1906, for example,
that the Dutch gained full control
of the islandand consequently
the island only has a limited stock
of colonial architecture
- The hill town of Munduk, a
town amongst plantations
established by the Dutch, is Bali's
only other significant group of
colonial architecture; a number of
mini mansions in the BalineseDutch style still survive.

Art-Deco House Bandung

Native architecture was arguably

more influenced by the new
European ideas than colonial
architecture was influenced by
Indonesian styles; and these
Western elements continue to be a
dominant influence on Indonesia's
built environment today

post independence
architecture

Early twentieth century modernisms are still very evident across

much of Indonesia, again mostly in Java

1930s world depression was devastating to Java, and was

followed by another decade of war, revolution and struggle,
which restricted the development of the built environment

the Javanese art-deco style from the 1920s became the root for
the first Indonesian national style in the 1950s

The politically turbulent 1950s meant that the new but bruised
Indonesia was neither able to afford or focused to follow the
new international movements such as modernist brutalism

Let us prove that we can also build the country like the Europeans
and Americans do because we are equal Sukarno
Despite the new country's economic woes, government-funded
major projectswere undertaken in the modernist style, particularly
in the capitalJakarta. ReflectingPresidentSukarno'spolitical views,
the architecture is openly nationalistic and strives to show the new
nations pride in itself.Projects approved by Sukarno, himself a civil
engineer who had acted as an architect, include:
A clover-leaf highway.
A broadby-passin Jakarta (Jalan Sudirman).
Fourhigh-risehotels including the famous Hotel Indonesia.
A new parliament building.
The 127 000-seatBung Karno Stadium.
Numerous monuments includingThe National Monument.
Istiqlal Mosque, Jakartathe largest mosque in Southeast Asia.

 1950sjengkistyle
- so named after Indonesian references to the American armed
forces as 'yankee', was a distinctive Indonesian architectural style
that emerged. The modernist cubic and strict geometric forms that
the Dutch had used before World War II were transformed into more
complicated volumes, such as pentagons or other irregular solids.
This architecture is an expression of the political spirit of freedom
among the Indonesians.
The International Style dominated in Indonesia in the 1970s, as it
did in much of the rest of the world
The 1970s saw the Indonesian government promote indigenous
Indonesian forms. Constructed in 1975, theTaman Mini Indonesia
Indah theme park re-created over twenty buildings of
exaggerated proportions to showcase Indonesian traditional
vernacular forms.
By the 1980s in particular, most public buildings were built with
exaggerated elements of traditional vernacular forms.

Balairung Hotel

Tama Mini Indonesia Indah Theme

Park

contemporary
architecture

The 1970s, 1980s and 1990s saw foreign investment and

economic growth; large construction booms brought major
changes to Indonesian cities, including the replacement of the
early twentieth styles with late modern and postmodern styles

Many new buildings are clad with shiny glass surfaces to reflect
the tropical sun. Architectural styles are influenced by
developments in architecture internationally, including the
introduction of deconstructivism architecture.

Following the pattern of colonial architecture in Malaysia and

Singapore, architects in the former Dutch East Indies relieved
heavily on imported European models for their public buildings,
clubs and churches

In residential Architecture, producing a growing number of fine

houses based on indigenous idioms, sometimes blended with
colonial or modern themes.

Institute of Technology, Bandung,

Jakarta (1920) by Henri Maclaine
Pont,
- first on a series of remarkable
buildings, based on meticulous
study of regional traditions
Incorporated indigenous features:
timber houses-on-stilts of the
Minangkabau region in Sumatra,
with their distinctive peaked
suspended roofs
Javanese Kratons, or royal
palaces

Consists a cluster of pavilions set

around small courtyards and
interconnected
with
shaded
colonnades with stout columns
made of uncut stone. The multilayered roofing provides ventilation
in the gaps between the layers, as
well as their high peaks, while the
open structure at ground level
provides further movement of air.

AULA Main hall

An impressive and an imposed
structure of giant parabolic beams
of laminated wood bound with iron
clamps.

Catholic Church, Pohsarang, Java

(1937) Ponts last work in the
region.
Surrounded by a series of stepped
walled courtyards and gateways,
rising up towards the church in the
fashion of Hindu temple-platforms
of Java, the main body consists of a
five cornered cupola, made up of
bent timber rafters converging on
a key piece at the apex, between
which is suspended a composite
roofnet of steel cables and lattice
timber frameworks, supporting
clay roof tiles. Overhead windows
with overlapping, open panes of
glass ensure adequate light and
ventilation at the apex. The
Cupola, like ancillary structures,
was originally open at ground level
in the fashion of the indigenous
pendopo, or open pillared hall,
commonly used for dance and
dramas. It has since been walled


The difference of Western and Indonesian architecture
according to Dutch architect is correlation between
building and people. Western architecture (occidental) is a
totality construction, while Indonesians have been
developed as subjective matter, elementary, with
preferring outside appearance especially front faade. The
natural condition between the sub-tropical Netherlands
and wet-tropical Indonesia is also the main consideration
of Dutch buildings in Indonesia

Architects

Frederich Silaban

Birthday: 16 December1912, Bonandolok,North

Sumatra
Anopzichter/architectinitial generation in the
countryIndonesia.He is a self-taught architect.Formal
education only at STM (Technical High School) but
persistence led to several design wins architectural
competition, so it's profession recognize him as an
architect
plays a major role in the formation ofthe Association of
Indonesian Architects(IAI)

Frederich Silaban

Architectural projects

Building Nommensen University - Field (1982)

Bung Karno Stadium- Jakarta (1962)

House A Lie Hong - Bogor (1968)

West Irian Liberation monument - Jakarta (1963)

Headquarters Air Force - Jakarta (1962)

Building Patterns - Jakarta (1962)

BNI Building 1946 - Field (1962)

Tower Bung Karno Jakarta - 1960-1965 (unbuilt)

National Monument/ Tugu Monas -Jakarta(1960)

BNI Building 1946 -Jakarta(1960)

BLLD Building, Bank Indonesia, Jalan Kebun Betel - Jakarta (1960)

Head Officeof Bank Indonesia, Jalan Thamrin - Jakarta (1958)

Private home Friderich Silaban -Bogor(1958)

Istiqlal Mosque- Jakarta (1954)

Frederich Silaban win the contest of making picture mockups mosque with the
motto (password) "Godhead"is then in charge of making the overall design of the
Istiqlal.Istiqlal is also the largest mosque inSoutheast Asiain the1970s

Frederich Silaban

Architectural projects

Bentol Building -West Java(1954)

This building is part ofCipanas Presidential Palacelocated at the top of the
lane highways, West Java and is located right behind the main building and stood in
the plain over the other buildings.The building is often referred to as
theSoekarnofor inspirationcalled Building Bentol because all the walls are affixed
to natural stone that makes an impression bump-bump

Kalibata Heroes Cemetery gate - Jakarta (1953)

Cibalagung Campus, College of Agricultural Extension (STPP) / Secondary

Agricultural School (SPMA) - Bogor (1953)
Agricultural schools have spawned a number of veteran leaders in various
fields.Some of them even served as minister.Though the school isnow a century
oldis a true "churning" to the agents and technicians in the field of agriculture.

Home Office Mayor -Bogor(1952)

Office of Fisheries -Bogor(1951)

Equator monument-Pontianak(1938)
This monument was first built in 1928 by a geographer nationality
Netherlands. Rebuilt in 1938 and refined by Frederich Silaban.In 1990 built a
duplicate with the size 5 times more likely to protect the equator of the original
monument.Development of the latter was inaugurated on 21 September 1991

Bung Karno
National
Istiqlal
MosqueMonument/
StadiumJakarta
Tugu
Jakarta
(1954)
Monas
Equator
monument-Pontianak(1938)
(1962)
-Jakarta(1960)

Ir Herbowo

Herbowo is an Indonesian architect and administrator

Graduated from ITB Institute Technology Bandung in 1960

Post Graduated in 1962 from Copenhagen

President
of
Indonesia
SoehartocqHome
Ministerto
becomeVice of Head Government of Jakarta Capital City of
Indonesia during 1988.

After graduating from Copenhagen,Herbowo started to work

at Pulo Mas together with Ir Radinal Moochtarand Ir Kandar
Tisnawinata, in a company owned by the Government of
Jakarta Capital City of Indonesia, later becoming Head of
Director at IV during GovernorAli Sadikindan Head of
BAPPEDA. He introduced Route 3 in 1 in Jakarta Capital City.

Marco
Kusumawijaya

He is an architect and urban planner by training

graduated fromParahyangan Catholic University.
As a journalist, Marco covers urban issues in Indonesia for
Aikon Foundation and other publications.
He initiated his country'sGreen Mapnetwork in 2002, shortly
after publishing the first Jakarta Green Map. Today, he has
published 3 Jakarta Green Maps & assisted another 8
published nationally. He is also developing the Asia
Mapmakers network.
He is taking part in Aceh reconstruction through Komisi
Darurat Kemanusiaan untuk Aceh dan Sumatera Utara and as
architect in Uplink.
He criticizes a lot of policies fromDKI
JakartagovernorSutiyoso.

Project/s:
Kota Rumah Kita (The City, Our Home), 2006

Y.B. Mangunwijawa
(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)

Birthday: May 6, 1929, Ambarawa,Central Java,

He was an Indonesian architect, writer, and Catholic religious
leader. He was popularly known asRomo Mangun(Father
Mangun).
known as the father of modernIndonesian architecture.
He continued to study architecture inAachen, Germany, and
at theAspen Institute of Humanistic StudiesinAspen,
Colorado. In 1992.
According to Erwinthon P. Napitupulu, the author of a book on
Mangunwijaya, due to be published at the end of 2011,
Mangun heads the list of the top 10 Indonesian architects.
Romo Mangun's dedication to helping those who were
poor,oppressed and marginalized by politics through an
"outcry of the voice of conscience" made him a strong
opponent of theSoehartoregime.

Y.B. Mangunwijawa
(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)

Awards
Golden Windmill Award for fiction/literary works fromRadio
Nederland
Aga Khan Award for Architecture1992 for Kali
Code,Yogyakarta
Indonesian Institute of Architects Award 1991 for Marian
Shrine inSendangsono
Ramon Magsaysay Award1996

He also receivedThe Ruth and Ralph Erskine Fellowshipin

1995, as recognition of his dedication to the less
privileged.His work on the houses of the poor along the
banks of the Code River contributed towards Mangunwijaya
becoming one of Indonesia's most renowned architects.

Y.B. Mangunwijawa
(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)

Architectural projects

Kali Code Urban Settlement, Yogyakarta: Aga Khan Award

1992
Sendangsono (Marian shrine)
Semarang Apostolic Building
Gedung Bentara Budaya, Jakarta
Gereja Katolik Jetis, Yogyakarta
Gereja Katolik Cilincing, Jakarta
Markas Kowihan II
Kampus II Universitas Surabaya
Gereja Katolik Santa Maria Assumpta, Klaten- Jateng

Gereja Katolik Santa Maria Assumpta,

Klaten- Jateng

Ridwan Kamil

Birthday: October 4 1971

an Indonesian architect and lecturer in the Department of
Architecture,Bandung Institute of Technology.
founded architect firmUrbane Indonesiain 2004 with three
partners
He was elected as mayor of Bandung on 23 June 2013.
In 2006, Kamil was the Indonesian winner of the British
Council's Young Creative Entrepreneur award, representing
Indonesia in theInternational Young Design Entrepreneur of
the Yearaward.
In 2009, Kamil was selected as the Architect of the Year
byElle Decor magazine.
Urbane Indonesiawas listed in theBCI Asia Top 10
Awardsfrom 2008 to 2010 and again in 2012.

Ridwan Kamil

Projects:
Kamil was the pioneer of theIndonesia Berkebunmovement
to build amateur gardens in the cities of Indonesia. As of
2011the community project is established in fourteen cities in
Indonesia, with membership approaching 4000.
Kamil and Urbane Indonesia projects in Indonesia include

United Tractorsoffice tower in Jakarta,

Al-Irsyad MosqueandAl-Irsyad Satya Islamic
SchoolinBandung
Aceh Tsunami MuseuminBanda Aceh,
Tarumanegara UniversityTower I and campus revision,and
Rasuna Epicentrum

Aceh Tsunami
Rasuna
Al-Irsyad
Epicentrum
Mosque in
MuseuminBanda
Aceh
Bandung

Ridwan Kamil

International projects include

Marina Bay WaterfrontMaster Plan in Singapore

Beijing Islamic Centre Mosque
Ras Al KaimahWaterfront Master Plan
SuzhouRetail Waterfront Masterplan in China
Tech ParkKunming, and
Grand Tourism Community Club House in Calcutta

Albert Aalbers

Birthdate: December 13, 1897, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Between 1910 and 1918

- Aalbers studied architecture at the Rotterdam Academy of

Visual Arts and Techniques.

- Dutch architecture was highly influenced by the
expressionist movement due to popular expressionist artists,
including thepainterWillem de Kooningwho also studied in the
same school.

Albert Aalbers

1930
- the Aalbers family moved toBandung, a few kilometers
east of Sukabumi
- Dutch East Indiesgovernment was planning to move the
colonial capital from Batavia (present-dayJakarta) to Bandung
-Several Dutch architects, were actively involved designing
and renovating buildings throughout the city. Aalbers saw this as
a good opportunity and he started to work as a freelance
architect in the city. Later he and his friend, Rijk de Waal, opened
a new firm, the Aalbers en De Waal

Albert Aalbers

Projects:
1935 DENIS Bank (De Eerste Nederlandsch-Indische
Spaarkasor the First Dutch-Indies Savings)
1936 Savoy Homann Hotel, Bandung
He renovated the hotel lobby of the Grand Hotel Lembang
atLembang
Designed a new hotel, the Grand Hotel Ngamplang atGarut,
and a resort hotel in the middle of
thePangalenganteaplantation in the south of Bandung.
He designed three identical villas at Juanda Street, known as
"the locomotive", in 1937, which were built as a promotion for
the new residential area in the north of Bandung
Aalbers designed twelve identical villas at the Pager Gunung
Street (1939), fourteen houses at Haji Hasan Street (1940)
and the three-color (de driekleur) villa at Juanda Street.

Savoy Homann
DENIS
Bank (DeHotel,
EersteBandung,
Nederlandsch-Indische
1936
Spaarkasor the First
Dutch-Indies Savings), 1935

Thomas Karsten

Birthday: April 22, 1885

Karsten was a Dutch engineer who gave major contributions to
architecture
and
town
planninginIndonesiaduringDutch
colonial rule. Most significantly he integrated the practice of
colonial urban environment with native elements; a radical
approach tospatial planningfor Indonesia at the time. He
introduced a neighborhood plan for all ethnic groups in
Semarang, built public markets inYogyakartaandSurakarta, and
a city square in the capital Batavia (now 'Jakarta')

Thomas Karsten

1918, he had defined a set of principles for his town planning

which saw him engaged as a consultant for major cities in the
colony.

He was a town planning consultant forSemarang(191620,

1936),Buitenzorg (now 'Bogor') (192023), Madiun (1929),
Malang (193035), Batavia (Jakarta) (193637), Magelang
(193738), Bandung (1941), as well as Cirebon, Meester
Cornelis (part of Jakarta which is known as Jatinegara),
Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Purwokerto, Padang, Medanand
Banjarmasin.

In 1941, he was appointed to lecture at theSchool of

Engineeringat Bandung. During theJapanese occupation in
Indonesia, Thomas Karsten was imprisoned at camp Baros in
Cimahi near Bandung. He died at the camp in 1945.

Thomas Karsten

Projects
His building projects included large two-storey homes with
steeply pitched roofs for members for elite Dutch citizens, new
palace pavilions that were both European and traditional
Javanese for indigenous royalty, public market buildings in
Yogyakarta and Surakarta, and grand headquarters for
companies.

Henri Maclaine Pont

Birthday: June 21, 1884

Pont was a Dutch architect and archaeologist active in
Indonesia, acclaimed for his synthesis ofJavaneseand
western architecture.
Born inBataviain 1884, Henri Maclaine Pont studied civil
engineering inDelft.
After graduation he moved back to theDutch East
Indieswhere in 1911 received his first major work, the design
of the Semarang-Cheribon Steam Tram Company
headquarters. In Semaranghe set up his own firm, which was
later joined byThomas Karsten. Soon however he fell ill, and
being forced to return to the Netherlands, sold the firm to
Karsten, Lutjens and Steenstra Toussaint.

Henri Maclaine Pont

In 1919 he has been commissioned for the design of the

Ceremonial Hall of theBandung Institute of
Technologybuilding. The building is remarkable for the
synthesis of Western technology and local architecture.

His notable works also include the originalTrowulan

Museum(1932) and the Puh Sarang Catholic church in
Kediri (1937).

Trowulan
Puh SarangMuseum(1932)
Catholic church in Kediri (1937)

Akhir.
(End)

Terima kasih anda!

(Thank you!)