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OSLO
MANUAL
Chapter
1
OBJECTIVES
AND SCOPE
OF THE
MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1st Edition
1992
2nd Edition
1997
3rd Edition
2005
What is measurable?
Sector coverage
TYPES OF INNOVATIONS
10
Refer
to
the
implementation of new
organizational methods.
These
can be changes in
business practices, in
workplace organization or
in the firms external
Marketing innovations involverelations.
the implementation of new
marketing methods. These can
include changes in product
design, in product promotion,
and in methods for pricing
goods and services.
There are two main reasons for using new to the firm as the
minimum requirement of an innovation. First, adoption of
innovations is important for the innovation system as a whole.
Furthermore, the learning process in adopting an innovation can
lead to subsequent improvements in the innovation and to the
development of new products, processes and other innovations.
11
12
During
13
innovation
Successful
in
having
resulted
in
the
implementation of a new innovation (though not
necessarily commercially successful).
Ongoing,
Abandoned
The
Innovation
Innovative
firms
can
be
distinguished by the types of
innovations
they
have
implemented; they may have
implemented a new product or
process, or they may have
implemented a new marketing
method
or
organizational
change.
15
Impacts of innovations
on
firm
performance
range from effects on
sales and market share to
changes in productivity
and efficiency. Important
impacts at industry and
national
levels
are
changes in international
competitiveness and in
total factor productivity.
16
17
The target
population for
innovation surveys
concerns statistical
units
(innovators and
non-innovators,
R&D performers
and non-R&D
performers) in
the business
enterprise sector,
including both
goods-producing
and services
Innovative
activities take
place in small
and mediumsized units as
well as in
large units.
A patent gives
its owner sole
rights (for a
certain
duration) to
exploit the
patented
invention; at
the same time
it discloses the
details of the
patent as a way
to allow
broader social
use of the
The
globalization
process
affects
innovation in a
number of
ways,
through
increases in
international
competition,
in flows of
goods,
services and
knowledge
across
Chapter
4
INSTITUTIONAL
CLASSIFICATIO
NS
THE APPROACH
THE UNITS
The Reporting
Unit
The
Observation
Unit
The Statistical
Unit
most
or
horizontally
Classification by main
economic activity
The
criteria for
classificati
on of
statistical
The
proposed
classificati
on list
Classifications by size
Other classifications
Chapter
6
MEASURING
INNOVATION
ACTIVITIES
Introduction
Creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including
knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications
Collecting data on
innovation activities.
Collecting data on
innovation activities.
The relation
between
intangible
investment
and innovation
expenditure.
Breakdown by
source of
funds.