Académique Documents
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COHESION
Cohesion refers to facts inside the language and it
EXAMPLE
1. VERB FORM
The form of the verb in one sentence can limit
2. CONJUNCTIONS AND
ADVERBIALS
Conjunctions and adverbials draw attention to the
3. PARALLELISM
Parallelism suggests a connection, simply
because the form of one sentence
repeats the form of another. It is often
used in speeches, prayers, poetry and
advertisements because the rhythmical
repetition of the same structure renders
an emotional touch and may also
function as an aide-memoire. The
following examples are taken from Cook,
1989:
PARALLELISM
EXAMPLE 1
Teach us, Good Lord, to give and not to
PARALLELISM
EXAMPLE 2
Le Generale de Gaulle est mort. La France
SEMANTIC PARALLELISM
A: The Good Lord, in his wisdom has
4. REFERRING EXPRESSIONS
(CO-REFERENCE)
Co-referential forms are forms
TYPES OF REFERRING
EXPRESSIONS
1. Where their interpretation lies outside the text,
Co-referential chains
1. Repetition
Timotei is both mild to your hair and to your scalp -
Co-referential chains
2. Lexical chains
Lexical chains, or chains of reference, are
connected words running through
discourse. They need not necessarily
consist of words which mean the same,
however. They may be created by words
which associate with each other. For
example:
animal - horse - wildlife
rock star - world tour - millionaire - yacht
TASK
In the following examples
identify types of referring
expressions
There was a pineapple on the table. So
I ate it.
Where shall we put it?
Put it on the mantelpiece
Nobody seemed to know where they
came from, but there they were in the
Forest: Kanga and Baby Roo (A.A.
Milne: Winnie-the-Pooh, Chapter 7).
TASK
Identify cohesive devices in
the following text