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NEW SEVEN
TOOLS
& PRIORITIZATION
ANYLYSIS
- simplified
TREE DIAGRAM
Concept
This is also known as Systematic Diagram as it
systematically maps out all the details
connected to a problem or a project. That way it
helps to achieve the primary goal and every
related sub goals of the issue under study.
This is also called Dendrogram as the word
Dendro in Greek means Tree.
Tree Diagram is a derivative from FAST Diagram
(Functional Analysis System Technique) used in
Value Engineering.
In case of Affinity
Diagram and
Relations Diagram
they basically deal
with dark areas
which makes job
more difficult. Such
an area is replaced
by an orderly
structure in case of
Tree Diagram.
MEAN
GOAL
MEAN
EXAMPLE
TO GET
FIRST RANK
JOIN SPECIAL
CLASSES
STOP
SEEING TV
CAUSE
CONSTRAINT
CAUSE
EXAMPLE
MORE
EXPENSES
THAN INCOME
SUDDEN
ILLNESS
EATING OUT
GOAL
PRIMARY MEAN
GOAL
PRIMARY
MEAN
GOAL
SECONDARY
MEAN
GOAL
PRIMARY
MEAN
GOAL
SECONDARY
MEAN
GOAL
TERTIARY
MEAN
GOAL
PRIMARY
MEAN
GOAL
SECONDARY
MEAN
GOAL
TERTIARY
MEAN
GOAL
QUATERNARY MEAN
GOAL
CONSTRAINT
PRIMARY
CAUSE
CONSTRAINT
SECONDARY
CAUSE
CONSTRAINT
TERTIARY
CAUSE
CONSTRAINT
QUATERNARY CAUSE
CONSTRAINT
How to become
crorepati
Prioritisable option
that could come out
from the main issue.
Basically it
helps us to
plan our
activities
properly. In
fact this is our
main weakness
whenever a
task is taken
up.
I have done a
temporary patch up to
keep things going. We
will attend to it later on.
RT
O
P
RE
a) In which
order we
should take
up the key
issues of
the problem
to get full
benefits?
Oh God! There is
no water in the
Pool. I forgot to
check up first.
GOAL
MEANS
Apply for HDFC loan
Apply for office loan
Apply for PF loan
To buy a house
TERTIARY
FUNCTION
SECONDARY
FUNCTION
(SUBOBJECTIVE)
BASIC
FUNCTION
(OBJECTIVE)
BASIC
FUNCTION
TERTIARY
FUNCTION
SECONDARY
FUNCTION
(SUBOBJECTIVE)
BASIC
FUNCTION
SECONDARY
FUNCTION
SECONDARY
FUNCTION
TERTIARY
FUNCTION
TERTIARY
FUNCTION
TERTIARY
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
PARTS
FUNCTION
AREA OF PARTS
FUNCTION
QUALITY
PLANNING
QUALITY
DESIRED BY
USERS
OBJECTIVE
BUILDING INTO
DESIGN PLANNED
QUALITY
PLANNED
QUALITY
(SPECNS.)
PRIMARY GOAL
FUNCTION AND
PRODUCTION
DESIGN
DESIGNED
QUALITY
MEANS OF DESIGNING
PRODUCT IN PROCESS
(CREATING
CHARACTERISTICS
DESIRED AS PER
PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY GOALS)
3.
MEANS
MEANS
QUALITY DESIGN
FUNCTION
DESIGN
QUALITY
DESIRED BY
USERS
OBJECTIVE
DESIGNED
QUALITY
OBJECTIVE
MEANS
STUDY PROCESS
CAPABILITY
CONTROL
QUALITY
CHARACTE
R-ISTICS
AND LEVEL
OBJECTIVE
DOCUMENT QC
PROCESS SHEET
a
A
B
4
1
2
6
e
6
h
8
9
f
i
10
11
1
C
g
8
f
10
11
12
to
She forms a
team and the
team
discussed
and arrived
at an action
plan as
shown.
ACTION PLAN
Attendance award
Innovation
E
F
F
E
C
T
I
V
E
Q
C
Positive
action
Make it
more
systematic
Create trust in
planning
Develop
leader
Corrective
action
Follow up
With QCs
With co-ordinators
Assignment
3d
1518
6 2730 7
18180d
2d1527
25
4 d 13 11 d 3030 13
9 13
1324 8 243 d
5 19
653d9 3 2125
304 7
30
1
3 14
3d
52
1
6d
1 00 33 2 5
4349
d
13
4349
1 43
3 8d
1
2
3 8
9d
10 d 332 43
8 17 11 2232 12
1932
4 1322
6d
8 14
8 14
5d
19223
1922
1419 10
9 14
19
Gosh!
I forgot to keep the
food stuff for
astronauts
The organization
wants to control the
inventory level and is
introducing JIT. There
are lots of problems
with the component
supplies to the
assembly line from
the vendor. A Tree
Diagram will help in
bringing down the
defect and on solving
such problem.
He is a Deming
award winning
customer and his
quality requirements
are stringent and
only a Tree Diagram
can help us plan.
Engine
Should start
quick
Pick up
Fuel
efficiency
PLANNING
FOR
NEW
150 CC
MOTOR
CYCLE
Look
Appea
rance/
Aesthe
tics
Other aspects
Safety
Brake
Theft proof
Other
Cost
Price
Should
Shouldstart
startalways
always
Simple kick mechanism
Minimum effort
To reach peak in 5 seconds
No jerks
85 KM at ideal condition
Better reserve capacity
Sleek
Pleasing colours
Sturdy appearance
No protrusion
Safety lock
Auto alarm
Quick to stop
Balanced vehicle
Rear view mirror
Good horn warning light
Easy instalment
Competio
f. Developing a
new product
A Tree Diagram
can also be usual
when developing a
new product.
The example
shown for (e.ii)
applicable here
too.
g. While
developing
solutions to
problem
Tree Diagram is
very useful to
develop solutions
to various internal
problems such as
quality, cost,
production volume,
safety etc.
S
ION
T
LU
SO
How do I
introduce
TQM in my
factory?
i.
God! I ignored
soil testing
thinking it is a
wasteful effort.
Ramar pillai
makes petrol
out of water
Withdrawal
of award
certificate
Happiness
Fear
General
feeling
Success
Stories
Reflect in
appraisal
Individual
award
Ill effects of not
implementing
Propagation of
success
Cost of
quality
PEP UP FOR
TQM
ACTIVITIES
Step 1
If we are already given a task then
we can proceed from there.
Suppose one is given a larger task
like Find out the ways and means
of implementing TQM or How to
make and market Product X? Here
it is not a task for one Tree
Diagram.
Step 1
We may have to first make an Affinity
Diagram and/or Relations Diagram to find
out the number of tasks; we have to carry
out to fulfil that large objective.
Header card
Step 1
In case of Affinity Diagram we may
choose one of the header cards along
with the other cards associated to that
and proceed further.
Step 1
Similarly many teams may be
formed for depending upon
the number of header cards
and their importance. In case
of Relations Diagram we will
have to study the diagram
first.
Step 1
We have to find out the
number points on which
large number of arrows
are converging in. We
may find few points like
that.
We can study,
prioritize and take one
of them for further
analysis. Each one of
them is the effect of so
many causes i.e., points
from which arrows were
leading to that one.
Step 1
Similarly from few points many arrows
will be emerging. That means each one
of them are possible sources for so many
effects. They are also important. We can
select one of them also for analysis.
Step 2
Once the
task is
clear
select a
right team.
Step 2
Tree diagram leads to an action
plan.
Step 2
Here the team
members should
be
knowledgeable
of the task as
well as capable
of creative
thinking.
Step 2
Generally they
are about
process where
usually
specialized
knowledge is
required.
Step 2
Hence team members should have
intimate knowledge of implementation
issues.
Step 3
Have a big board and
reusable (3M) adhesive
stickers. Now days we
have big magnetic boards
available. Along with that
have small reusable metal
plates. These plates are
small with painted surface.
Your can write on them
with erasable marker pens.
They can be afterwards
wiped out for reuse.
Step 3
Along with that have
small reusable metal
plates. These plates
are small with painted
surface. Your can
write on them with
erasable marker pens.
They can be
afterwards wiped out
for reuse.
Step 3 (Contd.)
Step 3 (Contd.)
Step 3 (Contd.)
This is in a way
good because if we
have the primary
course or principal
means we may lead
to go in the
traditional way. As
we may need a
creative thinking
brainstorming will
help us in that.
Step 4
After the points are generated you
may make an Affinity Diagram or
Relations Diagram. This depends
upon the group as well as task in
question. If the Affinity Diagram is
made, make the header card and
discuss.
They will invariably
become the primary means.
Step 4
In case Relations Diagram is
made select the points wherein
arrows are emerging or
converging. They will help to
arrive at primary means or
principle cause.
Withdrawal
of award
certificate
Happiness
Fear
General
feeling
Success
Stories
Reflect in
appraisal
Individual
award
Ill effects of not
implementing
Propagation of
success
Cost of
quality
PEP UP FOR
TQM
ACTIVITIES
Step 5
Once the primary means or
principle cause is arrived at
finding out the associated
causes from the ideas
generated is not a difficult
task.
Step 5
As we have already made an Affinity
Diagram or Relations Diagram identifying
them is simple.
GOAL
PRIMARY
MEAN
GOAL
SECONDARY
MEAN
GOAL
TERTIARY
MEAN
Step 5
They have to be organized as secondary,
tertiary, quaternary etc.
Step 5
At this stage further discussion by the group
will help to identify some causes which were
missed earlier. This way we can arrive at all
the causes and position them in the board.
Step 5
If the space is
not sufficient
we may work
out for each
cause. Then
all can be
copied to a
bigger sheet
properly.
Tertiary
function
Secondary
function
(Subjective)
Basic
function
Tertiary
function
Secondary
function
(Objective)
Basic
function
(Subjective)
Basic
function
Tertiary
function
Secondary
function
Tertiary
function
Secondary
function
Tertiary
function
Parts function
Parts function
Parts function
Parts function
Parts function
Parts function
Parts function
Parts function
Parts function
Parts function
Area of parts function
Step 6
Now review the
completed diagram
for logical flow.
Effectiveness of Tree
diagram depends
upon how the means
or causes in each
level can achieve the
tasks of the next
higher level.
Step 6
This needs to be
ensured at this
stage. Have a
discussion putting
up the question
Whether these
actions will help to
achieve the result
needed or fulfil the
objective?
Step 6
This can be put in another
way also. Ask if we want to
achieve this, do we have to
do all these things. This
way makes sure that no
steps needed are omitted.
Step 6
Always have an open mind for
discussion.
Establish your
identity
Use of
TV
Publicity
Use of
computer
Use of news
paper
For effective
consultation
service
Create an impact
Have a good anchor
Establish contact
through e-mail
Create a web site
Create good
advertisement
Selection of
media
Select right
industries
Create
impact on
industries
Take
helpstart
of experts
Should
always
Benchmark with well known
Prepare good demonstrate visuals
Find out the right person
Make catchy write up for CEOS
Send details of regular programme
Give information about yourself
Publish useful articles regularly
Take the help of professionals
Make it attractive
Select business papers
Get the right spot
Select right data
Conduct survey
Collect information from market
Use good brochures
Get appointment at right time
Make it appealing
Send it to right person
Make them feel important
Summary
There are a lot of similarities between tree
Diagram and Cause and Effect Diagram
made using dispersion method.
But they have their own individuality also.
Cause and Effect Diagrams are made to
find out the causes for the effect. In case of
Tree Diagram it is used for more purposes.
Tree Diagram helps to work out the
minutest details of a task undertaken. Here
we can map out the choices before us and
plan our actions based on our capability..