Introduction (What Is SCADA?

)
Stands

for supervisory control

And data acquisition.
SCADA systems are used in
industrial processes: steel
making, power generation
(conventional and nuclear) and
distribution.
There Are 4 Components In the
SCADA System.

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF SCADA SYSTEM

Server
Server
HOT
Active
Standby
LAN 1

LAN 2
FEP1

MMI
MMI

MMI

MMI

FEP2

,,COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION LINK
LINK ((PLCC,
PLCC, FOC
FOC
((DEDICATED
DEDICATED BSNL
BSNL,, MICRO
MICRO WAVE,
WAVE, VSAT
VSAT

RTU RTU

RTU
POWER HOUSE / SUBSTATION

RTU

SCADA Components
Field

Instrumentation.

Sensors, devices to control.

Remote

Terminal Units.

RTU Vs. PLC

Communications

Network.

Equipment needed to transfer data to and from

different sites

Central

Monitoring Station

Collecting information gathered by the remote

stations to generate the necessary action

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

RTU PDS eNET OVERVIEW

DIGITAL / ANALOG OUTPUTS
4 x Analog Outputs
Internal / External power supply
Source 0-20mA, 4-20mA
(Voltage output with external
resistor)

Short circuit protected

RTUs fuctions

Motorola based CPU 68K series

forAddl Comm Ports (Total 9 nos)
.,Local. monitoring, printing of SOEs, etc
Time synchronized with GPS
Time stamping Resolution: 1msec (SOE)
Storage of events : 500
L/R switch status can be monitored at host level
Communication to FEP std protocol : 870 5 101
CRITICAL (Imp) RTUs with Alternate Commn
Channel
All connected through PLCC / FOC / M-wave

FEP ( Front End Processor

Gathers all data from field

Communication interface between

several RTU channels and the
host Master Station computer

MAN MACHINE INTERFACE

COMPUTER USED BY THE SHIFT
ENGINEER
1)

To view Real time data in different

forms

2)

To execute control operations

3)

To generate instant / periodical reports

4)

To make modifications in pictures, data

base (Programmers console)

SERVERS

Process the raw data received

Display Real Time Engg data on MMIs

Stores Data for future usage

Report Generation etc.,
10

SCADA EQPT IN

MASTER CONTROL CENTRE

FEPS, SERVERS,MMIs
PRINTERS,LANs
PCs / IBM / SUN SYSTEMS
UNIX / LYNIX OS
SYBASE / ORACLE RDBMS

Power System Simulator ( PSS):

The objective of the PSS is

to simulate a real power
system.

Power system should be

divide in to three sections ,
the generator station,
transmission line and load
( distribution section ).

PSS Parts
Generator Stations
Transmission lines
The loads

Sensors
In the industry field is now using computers to
control and motions and sequences of machines.
PLC cannot see, hear, feel or tester processes by
themselves but use industrial sensors to give
industrial controllers these capabilities.
In our project the Sensors are used as feedback to
PLC from PSS to enhance the system performance.

Sensors

There were different types of sensor that will be used like

Voltage sensor, current sensor, frequency sensor and
power sensor.

Current sensor have rating of 0 5 A.

Voltage sensor has a rating of 0 - 150 V.

Frequency sensor, it has a rating of 0 -100Hz.

Power sensor, it has rating of 0- 5 A and 0 150 v.

The outputs from all sensors which going to RTU were 4

20 mA. It is used this rating to sense any problem in
system .

Wiring

Coil 2
A
B
C
Ax 2

Coil 1

3 Phase Motor

B
C
Ax 1

ON

Off

N
COM

12 V

Com

T.B
Control Circuit

+
0

220 V
+

0V
From RTU Power
Supply
COM

IN 1

IN 2

IN 3

IN 4

IN 5

RTU

12 V

ISaGRAF

Future Plans
Stand by generator.
Adding generator 2 to the system.
Power factor correction.
Load scheduling.
Improving the previous SCADA program.

Improving the SCADA program

Some blocks will be added to
increase the speed of analyses
process. This process will be applied
on the LADDER program.
The Graphical Interface will be
enhanced. This process will be
applied on Citect.

Advantages Of SCADA
systems

Easily programmed or
reprogrammed
Easy maintained (self diagnostic).
Capability to do arithmetic function.
The ability to communicate with
other controller or a master host
computer.
PLCs. were able to move past
simple on/off control to more
complex schemes as PID control.

Applications Of SCADA
Almost every business in the
manufacturing sector and many in
the service sector
Aerospace
Bottling and Canning
Chemicals Plants
Petroleum, Petrochemical
Power generation and transmission\
Traction

DISTRIBUTION

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
FUNCTIONALITY
Distribution

Automation means
the Automation of Distribution
substations, feeder monitoring
and control and Consumer
metering functions.

HYDERABAD DISTRIBUTION
AUTOMATION
SERVER 1
SERVER 2
LAN 1
LAN 2

FEP 1

(2.3GHZ)TDMA

CB CLOSE/ OPEN

EHT SUBSTATIONS

SS 1

FEP 2

MMI2

D.A : I,

KV, MW,
MVAR, ENERGY
TAP NO

S.C :

MMI1

SS 3

SS 2
MAR(900MHz)

RTU

RTU

RTU

RTU

RTU

RTU

RTU

RTU

RTU

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Customer

load demand
Peak load pricing
Load shedding
Sudden load pickup
Capacitor control
Voltage regulation
Feeder load managemant
Tranformer load mangement

NEED FOR LOAD DESPATCH CENTRES

Electricity cannot be stored ( bulk power)

Power Generation & Utilisation have to be
simultaneous
Hence a Centralised Organisation to Co-
ordinate the activities of Generation,
Transmission and Distribution is needed to
achieve reliability and optimum efficiency
and to derive maximum benefit from the
.available sources of power
5
This Coordinating Centralised agency isSlide
.called the Load Despatch Centre

DATA Required
For monitoring & timely by action

Main task
Matching the total Gen to meet
The total load on grid under SAFE
Parameters (Hz, Voltage)

Grid network system

,Of Area, State, Region
Nation

Sub
Transmission
Distribution&
33KV, 11KV
Distri.Trans. etc

PHs
ANALOG INPUT
DIGITAL INPUT
Involved Factors
Status of CBs
MW, MVAR
Gen : - Possible generation
.1
Isolators
OF GENS
limits( optimal and economical)
SOE
Alarms
LINES
Of MW / MVAR
EHT
.TRS
Outages of Units
Transmission
DIGITAL
KV, HZ, PF
400KV, 220KV
OUTPUT Lines : loading limits (MW, MVAR). 2 132KV, 110KV
Tr TAPS (OLTC)
Breakdowns / Shunt downs .,Power Trs.etc
Supervisory
.,CURRENTS (3PH)etc
Voltage profile at diff. Buses. 3
control
Remote operation
Of breakers

Interstate drawals. 4
Drawals of shares from CGS. 5
Alternate sources of supply to. 6
.,Imp loads, Rlys, factories etc
Load shedding & Restoration. 7