Lecture 1

Introduction to CAD/CAM

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CAD/CA

What is CAD/CAM?

CAD
Computer
Assisted
Drawing
Using a computer to make vectorbased drawings.

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CAM
Computer
Assisted
Machining
Using a computer controlled machine to
produce actual parts from a CAD
drawing.

CAD/CA

Course Objectives
1. Understand the applications and benefits of CAD
2. Understand the various computer hardware devices
3. Understand the various software used in CAD and the functions of a graphics package.
4. Understand geometric transformation.
5. Understand various representations of curves and surfaces.
6. Understand the various concepts and characteristics in geometric modeling.
7. Understand various data exchange formats.
8. Apply CAD techniques to finite element mesh generation.
9. Understand the basic concepts of CAM
10. Analyze the components and systems of NC and CNC machine tools.
11. Understand and apply various programming methods for specific jobs.
12. Understand the concepts of DNC and adaptive control
13. Understand the fundamentals and advantages of group technology.
14. Classify various CAPP systems.
15. Understand FMS and CIMS with reference to components, advantages and applications
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CAD/CA

BTME 502 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND

MANUFACTURING
Internal Marks: 40

External Marks: 60

Total Marks: 100

1. Fundamentals of CAD;
Design process with and without computer; CAD/CAM system and its evaluation criteria, brief
treatment of input and output devices, Display devices; Functions of a graphics package and
Graphics standard GKS, IGES and STEP; Modelling and viewing; Application areas of CAD.
2. Geometric Transformations:
Mathematics preliminaries, matrix representation of 2 and 3 dimensional transformation:
Concatenation of transformation matrices. Application of geometric transformations.

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3. Geometric Modeling:
Wireframe model: solid modeling: Boundary Representation (B-rep), Constructive Solid
Geometry (CSG), Parametric Modeling Technique ; Mass , volumetric properties calculations;
surface modeling, concepts of hidden-line removal and shading: Mechanical Assembly
Kinematics analysis and simulation.
4. Representation of curves and surfaces:
Non-parametric and parametric representation of curves. Parametric representation of Hermite
Cubic, Beizer and B-spline curves; Surface and its analysis. Representation of Analytical and
synthetic surfaces.

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CAD/CA

5. FEM
Overview of FEM, Advantages and applications, recent advance in FEM, FEA software Basic
Principles and general procedure of FEM.
6. NC/CNC Machine Tools;
NC machine tools- basic components coordinate systems; features of NC machine tools.
Computerized Numerical Control (CNC): Tooling for NC machines - tool presetting
equipment, flexible tooling, tool length compensation, tool path graphics; NC motion control
system;
Manual part programming, fixed/floating zero. Block format and codes: Computer assisted
part programming. DNC and Adaptive Control: Direct numerical control: Adaptive control in
machining system; Combined DNC/CNC system.

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CAD/CA

7. Group Technology (GT):

Part families; part classification and coding system: Group technology machine cells:
Advantages of GT.
8. Computer Aided Process Planning:
Introduction and benefits of CAPP. Types of CAPP systems, mach inability, data selection
systems in CAPP.
9. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems:
Basic Concepts of CIM: CIM Definition, The meaning of Manufacturing, Types of
Manufacturing systems; Need, Elements, Evolution of CIM; Benefits of CIM; Flexible
Manufacturing Systems: Physical Components of an FMS. Types of Flexibility, Layout
Considerations; FMS benefits.
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CAD/CA

 CAD can be defined as the use of computer

systems to perform certain functions in the design
process.
CAM is the use of computer systems to plan,
manage and control the operations of
manufacturing plant through either direct or
indirect computer interface with the plants
production resources.

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CAD/CA

There are 4 steps in any

CAD/CAM operation:
1. Geometry Creation
2. Toolpath Creation
3. Post Processing
4. Machining the Final Part

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CAD/CA

The Product Cycle and

CAD/CAM

In order to establish the scope and

definition
of
CAD/CAM
in
an
engineering environment and identify
existing and future related tools, a
study of a typical product cycle is
necessary. The following Figure shows
a flowchart of such a cycle.

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10

CAD/CA

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CAD/CA

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CAD/CA

1. Geometry Creation

Laser scanner
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turns this object

into this geometry.

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2. Toolpath Creation
Using the geometry to make a road
map that the cutting tool will follow in
order to machine the part.
Several parameters must be set:

Type of tool used

Cutting speeds, depths,

and feed rates

Material to be cut
Rough and finish settings

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2. Toolpath Creation
- Verification
Most software will let you see a simulation
of your part being cut so you can verify
that the toolpath information is correct.

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3. Post Processing
Translating the toolpath information
into a programming language called
G-Code that controls the machine.

From toolpath

Click Here for G-Code Demo!

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to G-Code.

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4. Machining the Final Part

The machine reads the G-Code and
follows the toolpath to cut the part.

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Advantages of CAD/CAM
systems
Greater flexibility.
Better product

Reduced lead times.

Reduced inventories.
Increased Productivity.
Improved customer
service.
Improved quality.
Improved
communications with
suppliers.

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design.
Greater
manufacturing
control.
Supported
integration.
Reduced costs.
Increased utilization.
Reduction of
machine tools.
Less floor space.
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Disadvantages of CAD / CAM

Can be very expensive to set up. A single industrial robot can
cost millions
It can take a long time to train people to use more complex
equipment.
Little need for poorly qualified workers.
Fewer people are needed, and this can result in higher
unemployment

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