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EARLY TIMES
Sites of prehistoric man were found in Israel
all around, the earliest are half a million
years before our time. With time we can
see progress in human culture and
.technology
About ten thousand years ago the first
villages were established as man started to
cultivate plants and animals The
. Agricultural Revolution

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EARLY TIMES

In the beginning of history, early Bronze Age,

about 6000 years ago, the forming of organized
societies and the first cities. Israel during the
Bronze Age was populated by many cities, villages
and nomads. The name of this county at that time
was CANAAN. It was not one kingdom but divided
among
different
and many cities states
The
origin
of the peoples
Jews
.withinkings
was
Mesopotamia.
Our fathers came to
Canaan as nomads.
After a few
generations they
moved to Egypt,
where they became
slaves. Four hundred
years they lived in
Egypt and became a
nation of twelve
tribes. Around the
13th century they

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THE FIRST TEMPLE

The first two centuries

they had some leaders
that were called Judges
but without unity form.
Towards the end of the
11th century the tribes
were united under the
King
. firstDavid,
king the
Saulsecond
king was very
powerful. He expanded
his kingdom much
beyond Canaan,
captured Jerusalem
and made it the capital
of Israel . King

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THE FIRST TEMPLE

In the times of
Rehoboam, son of king
Solomon, there was a
war among the tribes.
Ten tribes withdrew
from Rehoboam
kingdom and formed
. the kingdom of Israel
King Rehoboam was
left with his faithful
tribe Judea. For about
150 years these two
kingdoms lived side by
side, sometimes in
peace and sometimes

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THE FIRST TEMPLE

In the year 722b.c

Israel fell to the
Assyrians. The
kingdom of Judea
stayed independent
while the ten tribes of
Israel were lost till this
day. All Jews today are
descendants of Judea.
In the year 586b.c
the Babylonians
ended more than 500
years of Judea's
freedom, destroyed

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THE SECOND TEMPLE

Seventy years later the Persians captured
Babylon, and the Jews were allowed to return to
their homeland. Jerusalem was rebuilt and so was
.the second Holy Temple
In the year 330b.c
came a new ruler
to the Middle East,
Alexander the
Great. Judea
became part of the
Hellenistic Empire.
The Greek forced
their culture and
religion throughout
the empire and put
their gods in the
Jewish Holy Temple

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THE SECOND TEMPLE

This annoyed the Jews, and in 167b.c a

revolt broke out. The Hasmonean family led
.the revolt and freed Judea from the Greek
The Hasmonean
kingdom lasted
about a century.
In 63b.c
Pompeius , the
Roman warlord,
conquered Judea
and ended the
second time of
Jewish

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THE SECOND TEMPLE

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During the Roman

time there were
different religious
ideas among the
Jews. One was led by
Jesus that was
crucified in Jerusalem.
His followers
organized his ideas
and formed the new
. religion Christianity

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THE SECOND TEMPLE

The Jews revolted against the Romans (6673A.D). This brought a disaster to the Jewish
. people. Many were killed or became slaves
Jerusalem and the Holy Temple were
, destroyed
.The
and Romans
most of the Jews dispersed in the world
changed
the name of the
land
from Judea to
.Palestine

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FOREIGN RULERS

The Romans become Christians in the

. fourth century the Byzantine Empire
In 636A.D the Arabs
conquered Palestine
bringing the newly
formed religion the
Islam. The Moslems
built the Dome of the
Rock in Jerusalem, and
ruled for more than 450
years

In 1099A.D the Crusaders

conquered Palestine and
formed the Christian Kingdom
of Jerusalem. From then on,
this land became known for the
.Christians as the Holy Land

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FOREIGN RULERS
In 1291 the Crusaders were driven from this
land by the Mamluks. The Mamluk Empire was
.Ingoverned
1517 thefrom
TurksEgypt
captured Palestine
from the Mamluk. This
land was now part of
the Ottoman Empire
for another four
hundred years.
Suleyman the
Magnificent built the
.walls of Jerusalem

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FOREIGN RULERS
Jews were dreaming for two
thousand years about the
return to their home land.
Jews pray, facing Jerusalem,
every day all over the world.
One of the prayers end by
the wish: "Next year in
". Jerusalem
In the middle of the 19th
century, as modernization
support national
movements, it also appealed
to the Jews. The Jewish
national movement is called
Zionism (Zion is another
name for Jerusalem and the

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FOREIGN RULERS

In 1881 started the First Immigration of Jews

from Russia. The Jews bought vacant land
and established agricultural villages. In the
beginning of the 20th century, another wave
of immigrants from Russia. This time the
Jews emigrated not as families, but most of
them came alone or in organized groups
young students that devoted their lives to
ideology. They brought the social and
communist ideas that was the origin of
agricultural settlement the Kibbutz and
.the Moshav

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FOREIGN RULERS
At the end of World
War I (1918), the
British took control
over Palestine.
Jewish immigrations
continued and the
land was developed
.rapidly

The growing
economy and the
need for workers
caused also Arabic
immigration to
Palestine. These two
communities were
on the way of
collision. Violence

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THE STATE OF ISRAEL

In 1947, after work of
some committees
since the mid thirties,
the U.N. decided to
divide Palestine
between Jews and
Arabs, and form two
independent states.
The Jews were happy
and on the 15th of May
1948, the first prime
minister, David Ben
Gurion, declared
Israel. The Arabs
refused to accept the
partition and started a
war. Israel stood
against seven Arab