Slide One

Title Page

Slide Two
From the very outset, the Tower was designed to invoke
fear and awe.
It was over 27m tall and built from luminous Caen stone.
William the Conquerors White Tower must have looked
alien and forbidding to the newly-defeated English who
were forced to build it in the 1070s.
Henry III and his son Edward I extended and
strengthened the fortress throughout the Medieval
period.

Slide Three
By the 17th Century the tower ceased to invoke the
same kind of fear in which it was built for and began to
have other uses.

Slide Four
Between 1660 and 1685 The function of the Tower as a prison declined,
defences were improved, and the garrison was used to keep the peace in
London.
The Office of Ordnance took over responsibility for most of the castle.
Between 1663 and 1664 New Armories were built as a storehouse for
small arms by the Board of Ordnance.
The white tower was used as storage for large amounts of gunpowder and
the population of London were growing quite concerned by this, as they
were worried the gunpowder would explode and cause great damage.
Luckly the tower narrowly escaped destruction from the Great fire of
London as Records show that in 1667 there was 9,677 barrels of
gunpowder that were stored within the White Tower.

Slide Five
The Grand Storehouse was built between 1688 and 1692 on the site of the
present Waterloo Barracks by the well known builders Thomas and John Ffitch.
It was constructed of brick with Portland stone dressings. Nearly 110m (360ft)
long and 18.3m (60ft) wide it was the largest building ever erected at the
Tower and cost over 15,000 pounds.
The Ordnance has always been a resident at the Tower of London, using the
site as both a headquarters and a major arsenal for artillery, powder and shot.
The ground floor was given over to the Artillery Room where the great guns of
the army and various objects of historic curiosity were housed.
The first floor was occupied by the Small Armoury,
while a small floor in the roof area contained a store for tents."
It also housed some of the many spectacular objects and displays showcased
by the Ordnance at the Tower.

Slide Six
Within the 17th century the tower saw a growth in
tourisum

Slide Seven
When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660 he used the Tower
as a symbol of the continuing power of the English monarchy.
Charles ordered a display of weapons which was to be displayed in the
White Tower in the 1660's
As part of the display of the English monarchy Charles ordered the
creation of a "Line of Kings".
The line of kings consisted of a line of life size model horses beside a
sequence of English kings represented by suits of royal armor, although
the suits of armor did not match the time period of the kings.
In 1686, the year after the death of Charles II, his figure and that of his
father were added, their horses and faces carved by Grinling Gibbons.

Slide Eight
Before the civil war the Crown Jewels had been kept at times in the
Tower, or in the treasury of the Temple or other religious house,
and at times in the treasury at Westminster.
The crown Jewels were taken from the Tower and were melted
down to make coins for the mint which was also in the tower after
the civil war.
So After the restoration of the monarchy, Charles II was literally a
King with no crown, The new set of Jewels was completed for
Charles IIs coronation on St Georges Day 23rd April 1661 and
cost the enormous sum of almost 13,000.
The crown jewels were put on display in 1661 and have been
exhibited for a fee since.

Slide Nine
Of course you can't mention the Crown Jewels without a mention of Thomas Blood.
Thomas Blood came to England to fight on the side of Charles I in the Civil War but after realizing he was on the losing side
he joined the roundheads, after Charles I was defeated in 1653 Blood was made Justice of the Peace and given a large
estate.
But when Charles II returned to the throne in 1660 Blood fled England with his wife and son, and plotted several scheme's
one such was to steal the crown Jewels.
At such time the Crown Jewels were kept at the Tower of London in a basement protected by a large metal grille. The
Keeper of the Jewels was Talbot Edwards who lived with his family on the floor above the basement.
One day in 1671 Blood, became friendly with Edwards, returning at a later date with his wife. The Edwards family and
'Blood's' became close friends and met frequently.
Blood proposed a meeting between his wealthy nephew and Edward's daughter. On 9th May 1671, Blood' arrived at 7am.
with his 'nephew' and two other men.
While the 'nephew' was getting to know Edward's daughter the others in the party expressed a desire to see the Crown
Jewels. Edwards led them to the room where they were kept. At that moment Blood knocked him unconscious with a mallet
and stabbed him with a sword.
The crown was flattened with the mallet and stuffed into a bag, and the orb stuffed down Blood's breeches. The sceptre
was too long to go into the bag so Blood's brother-in-law Hunt tried to saw it in half!
At that point Edwards regained consciousness and began to shout "Murder, Treason!".
Blood was arrested as he tried to leave the Tower by the Iron-Gate, after unsuccessfully trying to shoot one of the guards.
In custody Blood refused to answer questions, instead repeating stubbornly, "I'll answer to none but the King himself".
Blood was taken to the Palace where he was questioned by King Charles, Prince Rupert, The Duke of York and other
members of the royal family. King Charles was amused at Blood's audacity and blood was not charged.

Slide Ten
Tourism in the 18th century

Slide Eleven
The royal menagerie had been home to a large selection of animals from lions, polar bears and
elephants.
In 1741 the Tower published its first visitor guide book, which was written for children which had
illustrations of the animals at the Tower. In this guidebook to the Tower, some of the animals that
were listed were given names including the lions Marco and Phillis and their son Nero plus two
lionesses called Jenny and Nanny.
The animals had names before this as mentioned by Samuel Pepys in 1660 where he visits a lion
called Crowley who has now grown a very great lion and very tame. Also a Visitor records in June
1704 show that one of the owls on display, which was given to Charles II, is called Hopkins.
Though popular the menagerie had a few tragedies as In 1686 "Mary Jenkinson, a Norfolk maid,
extracted of honest parents", who worked in the menagerie keeper's house, took a friend in to see
the lions. The largest stretched out its paw to her, and she stroked it. The lion, according to a
contemporary pamphlet, "catched her by the middle of the arm with his claws and mouth and most
miserably tore her flesh from the bone before he could be unloosed, notwithstanding that they
thrust several lighted torches at him." Her arm was amputated, but she died within hours.

Slide Twleve
The last execution to happen at the Tower was in 1747,
This was witnessed by a large crowd of visitors.
This was the execution of Lord Lovat, as he stepped
towards the scaffolding he looked at the large crowd and
commented why should there be such a bustle about
taking off an old grey head, that cannot get up three
steps without three bodies to support it?
The crowd area was so packed that the scaffolding which
was built for spectators collapsed and killed twenty
visitors who came to the Tower to watch the execution .