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List elements required by plants,

Classify elements required by plants


based on the amount needed,
Relate the effects of macronutrient
deficiency in plants.
Explain the function of each
macronutrient in plants,
State the function of micronutrients &
effects of micronutrient deficiency in
plants.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.
7.

ATER
O2
Plants require raw materials such as w,c.
And
mineral nutrients to form organic substances
INERAL NUTRIENTS
M Are essential chemical elements required
by plants to achieve optimal growth and development.
Minerals that are needed by plants can be divided into
ACRONUTRIENTS
ICRONUTRIENTS
m
and m..
Macronutrients are elements needed inARGE
l. Quantities.
These
macronutrients are .(N),...(P),
NITROGEN
PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUMandCALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
(K),(Ca),.(Mg)
.(S)
SULPHUR
.(C),(H)
and ..(O)
are
CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
macronutrients that can be easily
from.. In
COobtained
2
the atmosphere and. from the soil.
WATER
The remaining mineral elements are obtained in the form of
inorganic ions from the ..
SOIL
Micronutrients are elements needed in s. amounts.
MALL
These micronutrients
are
.(B),..(Cu),
.
BORON
COPPER
(Fe),.(Mn), Molybdenum(Mo) and(Zn).
FERUM

MAGANESE

ZINC

8. To determine which elements are required for normal


growth , plant seedlings are grown in a complete
KNOPS as
SOLUTION
culture solution, also known
.
9. Content of KNOPS
. Solution are :
Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2)

0.8g

Potassium nitrate

0.2g

Potassium dihydrogen
phosphate (KH2PO4)

0.2g

Magnesium sulphate(MgSO4)

0.2g

Ferum(III) phosphate(FePO4)

trace

Distilled water

1000cm3

10. Macronutrients and micronutrients are involved in the


synthesis of chemical substances essential for the
healthy growth of plants
11. They are also required for the various ETABLOLIC
m...
Processes which take place in plants.
12. The absence of one or more of these nutrients can
IFIENCY
lead INERAL
to m...d...
in plants
13. The symptoms of minerals deficiency depend on the
function of the mineral in the plants

Macronutrients

Functions

Effects of
deficiency

1. Nitrogen

- A major component - Stunted growth


of proteins, nucleic - Chlorosis in which
acid, chlorophyll
the synthesis of
and enzymes for
- Chlorophyll is
photosynthesis and
inhibited, results in
resipration.
pale yellow bases
- Important for rapid
growth of stem and
leaf
- Increases seed and
fruit yields

2. Phosphorus

- Synthesis of nucleic - Poor root growth


acid, ATP and
- Formation of
phospholipids of
dull,dark green
plasma membrane.
leaves
- Acts as a coenzyme - Red or purple spots
in photosynthesis
on old leaves.

Macronutrients

Functions

Effects of
deficiency

3. Potassium

- Protein synthesis
- Reduced protein
- Carbhohydrate
synthesis
metabolism
- Yellow-edged
leaves
- A cofactor for many
enzymes
- Premature death of
- Maintains turgidity
plants
in plants.

4. Calcium

- A major constituent - Stunded growth


of the middle
- Leaves become
lamella of cell
distorted and
walls.
cupped
- Formation of
- Areas between leaf
spindle fibres
veins become
during the cell
yellow.
division.

Macronutrients

Functions

Effects of
deficiency

5. Magnesium

- The main structural


component of the
pigment
chlorophyll
- Activates many
plant enzymes.
- Involve in
carbohydrate
metabolism

- Yellowing of the
regions between
the veins of mature
leaves.
- Red spots on leaf
surfaces.
- Leaves become
cupped.
- Areas between leaf
veins become
yellow.

6. Sulphur

- A component of
certain amino
acids.
- A constituent of
vitamin B and
some coenzymes.

- General yellowing
of the affected
leaves or the entire
plant.

Micronutrient
s

Functions

Effects of deficiency

Boron

-Aids in calcium lon uptake Death of terminal buds


by roots and translocation
Abnormal plant growth
of sugar
Leaves become thick,
curled and brittle
-Involved in carbohydrate
metabolism
-Aids in the germination of
pollen grain
-Required for normal
ERISTEMS
mitotic cell division in the
m
HLOROPHYLL
-Acts as a cofactor for
c...... synthesis

Copper

-An important component


of enzymes
-Involved in nitrogen
metabolism and
photosynthesis
-Important for reproductive
growth and flower
formation

Death of tips of young


TUNTED
shoots
Brown spots appear on
terminal leaves
Plants are s..

Ferum

-A cofactor in the synthesis


of chlorophyll

* Yellowing of young leaves

Micronutrients

Functions

Effects of
deficiency

Manganese

-An activator of
enzymes in
photosynthesis ,
respiration and also
nitrogen
metabolism

A network of green
veins on a light
green background
Brown or grey
spots between the
veins

Molybdenum

-Involved in
nitrogen fixation
-Reduction of
nitrates during
protein synthesis

Chlorosis in the
areas between the
veins of mature
leaves
Pale green leaves
Reduction in crop
yeilds

Zinc

-Formation of
leaves
-Synthesis of auxin
-Acts as a cofactor
in carbohydrate
metabolism

Mottled leaves with


irregular areas of
chlorosis
Retarded growth

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