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UMTS

UMTS

What is UMTS ?

Universal

Mobile

Telecommunications

System (UMTS)

UMTS is an upgrade from GSM

The

standardization

work

for

UMTS

is

carried out by Third Generation Partnership


Project (3GPP)

UMTS

Evolution of UMTS

UMTS

UMTS Architecture High Level


Functional network
elements
o User Equipment (UE)
interfaces with user
and radio interface
o Radio Access Network
(RAN, UMTS Terrestrial
RAN = UTRAN)
handles all radiorelated functionality
o Core Network
switches and routes
calls and data
connections to
external networks

UMTS

UMTS Architecture

USI
M

Iu

Node
B
Node
B
Cu

ME

UE

RNC

Iub

Node
B
Node
B

MSC/
VLR

GMSC

Iur

RNC

HLR

SGSN

GGSN

UTRAN

UMTS

External
Networks

U
u

CN

UMTS Architecture - Detailed

UMTS

UMTS Architecture - Detailed

UMTS

UMTS Architecture - Detailed


Mobile Station

ME

SIM

Base Station
Subsystem

BSC

BTS

Network Subsystem

MSC/
VLR

EIR

Other Networks

GMSC

HLR

PSTN

PLMN

AUC

RNS

ME

USIM

S
D

Node
B

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

Internet

UTRAN

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

UMTS

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UTRAN

Two Distinct Elements :


Base Stations (Node B)
Radio Network Controllers (RNC)

Handles all Radio-Related Functionality

Soft Handover
Radio Resources Management
Algorithms

Maximization of the commonalities of


the PS and CS data handling

UMTS

Node
B
Node
B

RNC
RNS
Iur

Iub

Node
B
Node
B

RNC
RNS

UMTS Core Network


CS Domain :
o Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
Switching CS transactions
o

MSC/
VLR

GMSC

Visitor Location Register (VLR)


Holds a copy of the visiting
users service profile, and
the precise info of the UEs
location
Gateway MSC (GMSC)
The switch that connects to
external networks

PS Domain :
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
Similar function as MSC/VLR
o

Iucs

Gateway GPRS Support Node


(GGSN)
Similar function as GMSC
UMTS

HLR

Iups

SGSN

External
Networks

GGSN

Home Location Register


(HLR)

Stores master copies of


users service profiles

Stores UE location on the


level of MSC/VLR/SGSN

10

UMTS - CS Domain

CS domain has the


following elements:
Mobile Switching
Centre (MSC),
including Visitor
Location Register
(VLR)
Gateway MSC
(GMSC)

UMTS

11

UMTS - PS Domain
PS domain has the
following elements
Serving GPRS Support
Node (SGSN)
covers similar
functions as MSC for
packet data, including
VLR type functionality
Gateway GPRS
Support Node (GGSN)
connects PS core
network to other
networks, e.g. to the
Internet

UMTS

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Common Databases - Registers


In addition to the two domains, the network needs various
registers for proper operation
Home Location Register (HLR)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
contains the information related to the terminal
equipment can be used to, e.g., prevent a specific
terminal from accessing the network

UMTS

13

Power Control

Prevent Excessive Interference and


Near-far Effect

Open-Loop Power Control


Rough estimation of path loss from
receiving signal
Initial power setting, or when no
feedback channel is exist

Fast Close-Loop Power Control


Feedback loop with 1.5kHz cycle to
adjust uplink / downlink power to
its minimum
Even faster than the speed of
Rayleigh fading for moderate
mobile speeds

Outer Loop Power Control


Adjust the target SIR set point in
base station according to the target
BER
Commanded by RNC
UMTS

Outer Loop Power


Control
If quality < target,
increases SIRTARGET

Fast Power
Control
If SIR < SIRTARGET,
send power up
command to MS

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Handovers

Softer Handover

A MS is in the overlapping coverage


of 2 sectors of a base station

Concurrent communication via 2 air


interface channels

2 channels are maximally combined


with rake receiver
Soft Handover

A MS is in the overlapping coverage


of 2 different base stations

Concurrent communication via 2 air


interface channels

Downlink: Maximal combining with


rake receiver

Uplink: Routed to RNC for selection


combining, according to a frame
reliability indicator by the base
station
These handovers provides a Kind of
Macro-diversity

UMTS

UE
RNC 1

NodeB1

UE
NodeB X

NodeB Y

RNC 2

15

HSDPA Vs HSUPA

HSPA (High Speed Packet


Access), commonly referred to
as 3.5G, is an upgrade to
WCDMA networks that allows
for much higher data speeds
for internet connectivity.

HSDPA (High Speed Downlink


Packet Access) is the one that
improves the downlink of the data
transmission while HSUPA (High
Speed Uplink Packet Access) is the
one that improves the uplink or
transmission from the mobile
device to the network.

UMTS

16

HSDPA
High Speed Downlink Packet Access

Standardized in 3GPP Release 5

Improves System Capacity and User Data Rates in the Downlink Direction to
42Mbps in a 5MHz Channel

Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)


Replaces Fast Power Control :
User farer from Base Station utilizes a coding and modulation that requires
lower Bit Energy to Interference Ratio, leading to a lower throughput
Replaces Variable Spreading Factor :
Use of more robust coding and fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ,
retransmit occurs only between MS and BS)

HARQ provides Fast Retransmission with Soft Combining and Incremental


Redundancy

Soft Combining : Identical Retransmissions


Incremental Redundancy : Retransmits Parity Bits only

Fast Scheduling Function


which is Controlled in the Base Station rather than by the RNC

UMTS

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UMTS

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