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PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION 1
Joselito B. Tindugan
Discussant
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Discrimination Reinforcement
In a discrimination learning task the learner is required to
respond differentially to different stimuli.
Variable-Ratio Schedule
It is a schedule of reinforcement where a response is
reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.
Continuous Reinforcement
The desired behavior is reinforced every single time it
occurs. Once the response is firmly attached with the behavior,
reinforcement is usually switched to a partial reinforcement
schedule.
Q3
Universal Norm
It is a universally accepted group-held belief about how
members should behave in a given context.
Stereotyped Behavior
In psychiatry, it is a persistent mechanical repetition of speech
or movement, sometimes occurring as a symptom of schizophrenia,
autism or other mental disorder.
Social Insight
It refers to the ability to see clearly and intuitively the nature of
complex social situation
Social Expectation
It refers to the standard of conduct or performance expected
from somebody.
Q7
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Inductive Reasoning
> generalizing to produce a universal claim or
principle from observed instances.
Deductive Reasoning
> forming of conclusions by applying the rules
of logic to a premise
Q8
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Aristotle
Herbert
Goodenough
Binet
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Florence Goodenough
> developed the Draw-A-Person Test which
is a psychological projective personality or
cognitive test that uses a drawing of a man used
to evaluate children and adolescents.
Dr. Dale B. Harris later revised and
extended the test and it is now known as
the GoodenoughHarris Drawing Test.
Copyright 2008 Allyn &Q9
Bacon
Aristotle
Herbert
Goodenough
Binet
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
RA 7784
RA 6728
RA 7836
RA 6675
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
RA 7784
RA 6728
RA 7836
RA 6675
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Authoritarian
> favors strict rules and established
authority.
Q11
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Essentialist
Perennialist
Progressivist
Reconstructionist
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
2. Existentialism
> Students should take responsibility for their own actions and shape their own
destiny.
3. Essentialism
> emphasizes conservative perspective on intellectual and moral standards.
4.Reconstructionism
> highlights social reform as the aim of education.
5. Perennialism
> believes that when students are immersed in the study of profound and
enduring ideas, they will appreciate learning for its own sake and become true
intellectuals.
Q 12
Essentialist
Perennialist
Progressivist
Reconstructionist
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Dewey
Aristotle
Hegel
Plato
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
John Dewey
> established Progressive Education/Progressivism that fosters individuality,
free activity & learning by doing. The cornerstones of Deweys educational
approach are: cooperative learning & introduction of arts, music dancing, etc.
G.W.F. Hegel
> Hegelianism is Hegels philosophy which can be summed up by the
dictum The rational alone is real which means all realities are capable of
being expressed in rational categories.
Aristotle
> He started out as great advocate of Platonism, but later on he shifted to
empiricism which refers to the philosophical belief that all peoples concepts,
ideas or thoughts and all of their knowledge were ultimately based on
perception.
Plato
> He was a proponent of the theory Platonism that both physical objects
and instances of qualities are recognizable because of their common
relationship to an abstract form or idea.
Q16
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Dewey
Aristotle
Hegel
Plato
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Thematic Curriculum
>refers to a curriculum which many of its
areas are connected together and integrated with
a theme.
It is based on the idea that knowledge
acquisition is efficient among students when they
learn in a coherent and holistic way and when
they can associate whatever they learn to their
surrounding and real life experiences.
Q19
Holistic (Holism)
>is characterized by the view that a
whole system of beliefs must be analyzed
rather
than
simply
its
individual
components.
SQRRR (SQ3R)
> stands for survey, question, read, recite and
review. It is a reading comprehension method introduced
by Francis P. Robinson in his 1946 book entitled Effective
Study.
Text Structure
> Most expository text are structured to facilitate the
study process for the readers. They contain structural
elements such as description of a topic, sequence of
ideas, comparison and contrast of events, objects, etc.,
cause and effect relationship, problem and solution.
Q20
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Readiness
Exercise
Effect
Belongingness
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
EDWARD THORNDIKE
> He developed the first 3 laws of learning:
1. Law of Readiness
Students learn best when they are physically, mentally, and
emotionally ready.
2. Law of Exercise
It states that the meaningful things most often repeated are
best remembered. This is the basis of classroom drills and practice.
2. Law of Effect
It states that the learning is strengthened when accompanied
by a pleasant or satisfying feelings, and that the learning is
weakened when associated with an unpleasant feeling.
Later, Thorndike added 5 more laws of learning: primacy,
recency, intensity, freedom and requirement.
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Q22
Bacon
Readiness
Exercise
Effect
Belongingness
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Cooperative Learning
>requires students to work in groups to complete the
tasks collectively toward academic goals.
Five (5) essential elements:
1.Positive interdependence
2. face-to-face interaction
3. Individual and group accountability
4. Social skills
5. Group processing
Q23
Positive Interdependence
> indicates that each group members
effort is required and indispensable for group
success. Each group member has a unique
contribution to make.
Q23
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Commission on Audit
Bureau of Cooperative
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Commission on Audit
Bureau of Cooperative
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
c.
d.
School uniform
Class stores
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c.
d.
School uniform
Class stores
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Hierarchy of Needs
by Abraham Maslow
Q30
Anecdotal record
Personal inventory
Cumulative record
Sociogram
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
A sociogram is a graphic
representation of social links that a
person has. It is a graph drawing
that plots the structure of
interpersonal relations in a group
situation.
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Anecdotal record
Personal inventory
Cumulative record
Sociogram
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
CPU
Software
Video screen
Keyboard
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
CPU
Software
Video screen
Keyboard
Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon
Consensus Decision
> is a decision made after all the aspects of an
issue, both positive and negative, have been reviewed
or discussed to the extent that everyone openly
understands, supports, and participates in the decision.
Agenda
>a formal list of things to be done in a specific order,
especially a list of things to be discussed at a meeting.
Composite Report
> is a report made from different parts.
Q35