INDIRA GANDHI

CANAL
Submitted By:Mohit
Chaudhary
CE12B1014

Introduction To Canals
An artificial channel filled
with water, designed for
Navigation
Irrigation purposes
Human consumption

http://www.chinapage.com/canal.html

Types of Canals
1. Based On Discharge
Main canal Takes off from upstream
Branch canal takes off from main canal
Major distributary takes off from branch
or main canal
Minor distributary lower discharge than
major distributary
Field channel supply the water for
irrigation
http://civilthought.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/Layout-of-an-irrigationcanal-network.png

2. Based on Lining
Unlined Canal
which has its bank and bed
made of soil or natural material.
http://netnebraska.org/article/news/big-changes-proposed-platte-riverirrigation

Lined Canal
which is made of impervious
material like concrete, bricks and
boulders.

http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/wetland/canal/canals.htm

Indira Gandhi Canal

Indira Gandhi (Rajasthan) Canal Project is the largest
irrigation project of the world to provide irrigation to semi-arid
and arid areas of Rajasthan and give a face lift to its economy
and economic development.
The project objectives include drought proofing, providing
drinking water, improvement of environment, afforestation,
employment, rehabilitation, development and projection of
animal wealth and increasing agricultural produce.
The canal was earlier known as Rajasthan Canal and its name
was changed in 1984. Indira Gandhi Canal uses water released
from Pong dam.

Location
Starts from Harike
Barrage Sultanpur
Enters into Rajasthan
near Hanumangarh
Irrigates seven districts
of Rajasthan: Barmer,
Bikaner, Churu,
Hanumangarh,
Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, and
Sriganganagar.

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/indira-gandhi-canal.html#

Water
Distribution
It comprises Rajasthan Feeder taking off from the Harike barrage across the
Satluj River near its confluence with the Beas River in Punjab, the Rajasthan
Main Canal and its distributaries.
The Rajasthan Feeder extends for 204 km, the first 167 km of which lies in
Punjab and Haryana and remaining 37 km in Rajasthan. It is fully lined
masonry canal which is not utilized for irrigation. It feeds the Rajasthan
Main Canal which is 445 km long and lies entirely in Rajasthan.
Indira Gandhi Nahar Project was designed to utilize 9,367 Mm3/yr of the
total 10,608 Mm3/yr allocated to Rajasthan from the surplus waters of the
Ravi and Beas rivers.
The canal has transformed the barren deserts of this district into rich and
lush fields. Crops of mustard, cotton, and wheat now flourish in this semiarid

Command Area

Effect of canal in nearby

areas

The canal water is available for drinking and other domestic uses.
Rapid rise in the population increase in the number of villages, new colonies
and mandies.
Change in socio-economic conditions of the people and spurt in all
economic activities.
Improvement in household income and expenditure structure.
Change in attitude and life style of people resulting into greater urge for
education and rise in mobility and communication.
Increase in 'heterogeneity' of population, enhanced inters and intra
community interaction and quicker diffusion and adoption of technology of
irrigated farming.
Control over drought conditions.
Change in the fauna of the area and introduction of fisheries.
Improvement in the micro-climate and decrease in the incidence of sand
storms.
Rise in ground water table at the rate of 0.8 meter per year.

Two Stage Development Project

Stage -1

feeder canal - 204 km

Headwork discharge capacity - 460 m3/sec
170 km of the feeder canal lie in Punjab and Haryana and 34 km in
Rajasthan.
Main canal - 189km
distribution system 2950km
Culturable command area - 553 kha (out of which 46 kha are served by
pumping to a 60 m lift, through four pumping stations)
Intensity of irrigation 110%
In addition to this project , it has been proposed to install a total of
12.76 MW of mini hydro electric power stations, to utilize the
available water fall in the canal. One such power station, with an
installed capacity of 22 MW has already started functioning at the
Suratgarh.

Stage 2

Main canal - 256 km

Distribution system - 5,116 km
1,410 kha of CCA (873577 ha area in flow and 537018 ha under lift) utilising
4,930 Mm3/yr of water.
Irrigation intensity 80%

Lift Scheme
Land with Gentle upgraded slope
Cant be commanded by gravity channel
To supply water for irrigation and drinking
purposes to upward slope land
INGP also have six lift scheme in stage 2

WaterLogging (Hard
Pan)
This occurs (as is common for salinization) in poorly drained soils where
water can't penetrate deeply. For example, there may be an
impermeable clay layer below the soil. It also occurs on areas that are
poorly drained topographically.
The raised water table results in the soils becoming waterlogged. When
soils are water logged, air spaces in the soil are filled with water, and
plant roots essentially suffocate -- lack oxygen. Waterlogging also
damages soil structure.

http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn
http://fertsmart.dairyingfortomorrow.com.au/wp-content

Canal Automation
Canal Automation' is defined as A
procedure or control method used to
operate a canal by mechanical or
electronic equipment that takes the
place of human observation, effort
and decision; the condition of being
automatically controlled or operated.

Level monitoring
Flow monitoring
Gate monitoring and operations
Power supply management
Wireless monitoring
http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/2012/07/Scada.png

Rajasthan Agriculture Drainage(RAJAD) Project

@IGNP
The Command Area Development (CAD) authorities of the Indira
Gandhi Nahar projects aim to have an improved sub-surface
drainage and water management in the command area.
An important part of water management is the automation and
remote monitoring system on the canal.
CAD authorities have initiated steps to install a voice
communication radio network that would put all parts of the
command area within 20 km of a base station.
The voice communication network will consist of ten field base
stations located at CAD offices throughout the command area.
In addition there will be 11 mobile units for senior staff to allow
them to keep in contact with all stations when they are away from
their offices. A data communication network is also planned on
the canal system to collect data related to water levels and flow
rates.

Effect of Canal Automation

increased crop production

reduced water use
better service to the water users
increased power generation
decreased power consumption
labour savings
easier management of the water system
improved protection of the conveyance facilities
reduced maintenance requirements
more accurate and equitable distribution of water
decreased flood damage
less need for subsurface drainage
better response to emergencies
social benefits (user's satisfaction, less conflict)
environmental protection
improved co-ordination with power operations.

References

http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6626e/x6626e06.htm
http://people.oregonstate.edu/~muirp/waterlog.htm
http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/wetland/canal/canals.htm
http://cgwb.gov.in/conjuctive_use.html
http://waterresources.rajasthan.gov.in/4ignp.htm
http://
waterresources.rajasthan.gov.in/RTI/RTI_IGNP_2011/IGNP%201.pdf
http://
www.preservearticles.com/2012020122326/short-notes-on-indira-gandhi
-canal-project.html

THANKS