POWER SYSTEM

STABILIZER FOR TWO AREA POWER

SYSTEM
INTELLIGENT BASED

Project Guide:

V.Santosh Kumar (Y10EE3259)

T. Swapna Priya

SD.Abdul Mujeer (Y10EE3256)

Department of EEE

K.Gayathri Teja (Y10EE3226)

INTRODUCTION:

The design simulation and validation of an Adaptive Neuro

Fuzzy
Inference
System(ANFIS)
based
Power
System
Stabilizer(PSS) for a two area two machine system and investigate
its performance in low frequency power system oscillations. The
design employs a conventional input pairs like speed deviation( )
and change in tie line power ( Ptie) to the Neuro Fuzzy PSS. In
this paper a first order sugeno Fuzzy Model, whose parameters are
tuned off line through hybrid learning algorithm is used. This
algorithm is a combination of least square estimation and error
back propagation method. The advantage of this ANFIS based PSS
is that it can be fed to each of machines in the two areas of the
power system which reduces cost, scanning time and thus simplifies
the structure. It is observed that ANFIS based PSS yields a more
satisfactory role in damping low frequency power system
oscillations to improve the stability of power system. The
performance
of
the
system
model
is
done
using
MATLAB/SIMULINK.

STABILITY:
In

general, stability describes the tendency of an alternating current (a.c.) power

system to maintain a synchronous and balanced operating state.
Power System Stability:

It is the ability of an electric power system, for a given

initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being
subjected to a physical disturbance, with most of the system variables bounded so
that practically the entire system remains intact . The disturbances mentioned in
the definition could be faults, load changes, generator outages, line outages,
voltage collapse or some combination of these.
Rotor

angle stability:

It is the ability of the system to remain in

synchronism when subjected to a disturbance. The rotor angle of a generator
depends on the balance between the electromagnetic torque due to the generator
electrical power output and mechanical torque due to the input mechanical power
through a prime mover.

NEED OF PSS:

The synchronous machines since long time are equipped

with fast acting static excitation with higher ceiling
voltages which contribute to the improvement of
synchronising torques and hence to the improvement of
transient stability. However, these excitation systems
introduce negative damping at the electromechanical
oscillation of machines (usually in the range of 0.2 Hz to
2Hz) and endanger steady state stability as well as
contribute to the sustained or growing oscillations at the
tail end of a large transient. This has resulted in a search
for providing additional supplementary stabilizing signal
in the voltage regulator circuit to compensate for the phase
lag, eliminate completely the negative damping
and
improve oral dynamic stability if the system.

POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER :

The basic function of power system stabilizer is to add

damping to generator rotor oscillations by controlling its
excitation using supplementary control signals.
In order to provide damping, the stabilizer will produce
electrical torque in phase with rotor speed deviations.
These are added to each individual generator to
compensate the local and inter area mode of frequency
oscillations.
These oscillations could go up to 1Hz off the nominal
value.

VARIOUS TYPES OF PSS:

The various types of PSS suggested by different

authors and one suggested in the present work are:

1) Conventional PSS

2) Optimal PSS

3)Fuzzy Logic PSS

4) Neuro Fuzzy Based PSS

CONVENTIONAL LEAD-LAG PSS:

The generalised transfer function of CONVENTIONAL
LEAD-LAG PSS contains three blocks1) Phase Compensation Block
2) Washout Block
3) Gain Block

PHASE COMPENSATION: The phase compensation block provides the

appropriate phase lead to compensate for the phase lag between the exciter
input and the generator electrical torque. The lead compensation can be
provided using either passive or active netwok.
In practice, two or more first order blocks may be used to achieve the desired
phase compensation. Generally some under compensation is desirable so that
the PSS, in addition to significantly increasing damping torque, results in a
slight increase of the synchronising torque component.

WASHOUT: The signal washout block serves as a high pass filter, with the
time constant Tw High enough to allow signal associated with oscillations in Wr
to pass unchanged. Without the washout state, steady changes in speed to
modify the terminal voltage. The washout time constant assures no permanent
offset in the terminal voltage due to prolonged error in frequency which may
occur in case of over loading and islanding.

GAIN:

The stabilizer gain block determines the amount of

damping introduced by the PSS. Ideally, the gain should be
set at a value corresponding to maximum damping.

SIMULATION MODEL WITH PSS:

CHANGE IN ROTOR ANGLE(RAD) VS TIME (SECS)

CHANGE IN SPEED (RAD/SEC) VS TIME (SECS)

 FUZZY

MODEL:
TheSugeno Fuzzy model(also known as theTSK fuzzy model) was
proposed by Takagi, Sugeno, and Kang in an effort to develop a
systematic approach to generating fuzzy rules from a given input-output
dataset. A typical fuzzy rule in a Sugeno fuzzy model has the form:

where A and B are fuzzy sets in the antecedent, while z=f(x,y) is a crisp
function in the consequent. Usually f(x, y) is a polynomial in the input
variables x and y, but it can be any function as long as it can appropriately
describe the output of the model within the fuzzy region specified by the
antecedent of the rule. When f(x, y) is a first-order polynomial, the resulting
fuzzy inference system is called a first-order Sugeno fuzzy model, which was
originally proposed in [1, 2]. Whenfis a constant, we then have azero-order
Sugeno fuzzy model, which can be viewed either as a special case of the
Mamdani Fuzzy inference system , in which each rules consequent is specified
by a fuzzy singleton (or a pre-defuzzified consequent), or a special case of the
Tsukamoto fuzzy model , in which each rules consequent is specified by an MF
of a step function centre at the constant. Moreover, a zero-order Sugeno fuzzy
model is functionally equivalent to a radial basis function network under
certain minor constraints, as discussed in Chapter 12 in Neuro-fuzzy and soft
computing.

CONCLUSION:

We performed fuzzy logic technique to design pss

on two area power system.

From the results obtained, we observed that fuzzy

logic gives better performance than conventional
pss.