ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS

INTRODUCTION
Electrical diagrams are drawings in which lines, symbols,
letter and number combinations are used to represent
electrical circuits.
In some plants, electrical diagrams may also be called

prints, or blue prints

Electrical drawings are valuable tools for

Making new electrical installations
Locating electrical problems
Modifying existing circuits

Symbols
Symbols are used to standardize the reading of
electrical diagrams. Electrical diagrams use a variety
of symbols to represent component in electrical circuit
Two tables that are helpful in understanding electrical
diagrams are:

American standard device function number

Identifies the general function of electrical devices
in terms of number designation

Standard diagram abbreviation table

Lists abbreviations that are used to identify
components

Drafting Practices Using Graphical

Symbols

(a)

The orientation of a symbol on a drawing does not alter the

meaning of the symbol.
This is true even if the symbol is drawn backwards. A symbol is
made up of all its various parts.

(b) The weight (or width) of a line does not affect the meaning of
the symbol. In some cases a heavier line may be used for
emphasis.
(c) Symbols are not drawn to scale. They can be drawn to any size
compatible with the scale of the drawing.
(d) Arrowheads can be drawn closed or open, except when
showing a "protective gap" (a gap placed between line parts
and the ground which limits the maximum over-voltage that
may occur.)

(e) The standard symbol for a terminal (o) can be added to any
one of the graphic symbols where connecting lines are
attached. This added terminal symbol is not a part of the
graphic symbol itself.
(f) In order to make a drawing simpler, graphic symbols for
devices such as relays or contactors may be drawn in parts.
However, if this is done the drawing must show how the parts
are related.
(g) Most often, it does not matter at which angle a connecting line
is drawn to meet a graphic symbol.
(h) Broken lines with short dashes: - - - - - - , may be used to show
paths or equipment that will be added to the circuit later, or
those which are connected to the circuit but are not part of it.
(i) If details such as type, impedance, and rating are to be given,
they should be drawn next to a symbol. If abbreviations are
used, they should be in accordance with the American Standard
Abbreviations for Use on Drawings. Letters that are joined
together and use parts of graphic symbols are not
abbreviations.

Information found on electrical

diagrams
Title block
Title block is usually located in the bottom right hand corner
of an electrical diagram
It contains information that identifies the diagram

Notes
The notes on an electrical diagram usually give detailed
information about certain parts of the diagram and/or list
other reference that may be needed

Legend
Legend identify symbols and designations that are used
on electrical diagrams
Some times, the legend is a part of the diagram
sheet but, in many cases ,it is separate sheet

Suffix Letters
Suffix letters are used with device function number for various
purpose. In order to prevent possible conflict, any suffix letter
used singly, or any combination of letters, denotes only one
word or meaning in individual equipment
For purpose of clarification, these suffix letter have been
classified in several groupings

Types of Diagrams
One-Line Diagram
A one-line diagram, which is also called a single-line
diagram, is the most commonly used diagram in an
industrial power system.

Purpose
Interpreting the scope of a proposed installation of a power

system.
Serving as a basis to produce project drawings.
Analyzing power system problems.
Determining which circuit interrupters must be opened to

safely isolate electrical apparatus.

Characteristics

A one line diagram uses

Single lines
Standard graphical symbols
Standard nomenclature
A one line diagram shows the power path of an electrical circuit

or a system of circuit
A one line diagram also shows the component devices or a
parts of a power system

The multiple conductors of power circuits and control

circuits are shown as single lines

 SUB 91, SUB 82

UNIT SUB XY (TYPICAL)
DG BUILDING (TYPICAL)
A0, A1, B0, B1.C0
A2, A3, B2, B3, C2
GILBS 1, GILBS 2

Assembly.
A4, A5, B4, B5
A6, B6, C6
A6.1, B6.1

Substation 91, Substation 82 respectively.

A typical Unit Substation.
A typical Emergency Diesel Generator Building.
230 kV SF6 Circuit Breakers
34.5 kV Circuit Breakers.
SF6 Gas Insulated Load Break Switch

34.5 kV SF6 Load Break Switches

4.16 kV Vacuum Circuit Breakers.
4.16kV Vacuum Circuit Breakers / Vacuum
Contactors
A7, A7.1, A7.2, B7, B7.1, C.7 480V Air Circuit Breakers.
A8
480V Emergency Automatic Transfer
Switch (EATS)
A9
480 V MCCB
T11, T12
34.5kV / 4.16 kV Distribution Transformers.
T21, T22
34.5kV / 480V Distribution Transformers.

Three-Line diagram
Purpose
Three line diagram provides detailed information
pertaining to three-phase circuitry that is not
shown on a one-line diagram
Three-line diagrams help plant maintenance and

operations personnel to understand power system

operations
They are also used to develop metering and protective
relay wiring drawing

characteristics
A three-line diagram represents power system
components using the same standardized
symbols as a one line diagram plus an additional
set of standardized symbols that are also used in
schematic and wiring diagrams
Unlike one-line diagram, a three-line diagram

shows every conductor of a power circuit as

an individual line

Schematic Diagrams
Purpose
Schematic diagrams shows circuit elements and internal
connections in an arrangement that allows a technician to
interpret the function and operational logic of an electrical
control circuit

Characteristics
Schematic diagrams are composed using the same

standardized symbols as one-line, three-line, and wiring

diagrams.
Schematic diagrams show all terminals and connections
of functional devices.
Figure shows a typical schematic diagram of a motor
circuit and its associated one-line diagram.

Types of Schematic diagrams

Internal Schematic Diagrams

External Schematic Diagrams

show
only the internal circuits of a single physical device. Figure
(a) is an example of an internal schematic diagram. It
represents the internal circuits of a protective relay.
show the
internal circuits of physical devices but additionally show
the external circuits that conduct input and output signals
into and out of the devices. Figure (b) shows the elements
of the same relay that is shown in Figure (a) but also shows
the external circuit that connect this relay to other physical
devices.

Elementary Diagrams

--

show all of the

operational elements and all of the circuits of a complete
electrical control system. An elementary diagram is often used
to represent the complete control circuit of an electrical
substation.

Ladder Diagrams

--

are commonly used for

understanding and designing system control logic. A ladder
diagram is a top-down logical line schematic: logical because it
moves from power input at the top through sequential
operations. Figure shows a ladder diagram that represents a
generator control circuit.

Wiring Diagrams
A wiring diagram uses standardized symbols to show the

physical devices of an electrical control panel and lines to

show the wires that connect these devices to each other.

Purpose
Wiring diagrams are used by equipment

manufacturers to install wires in electrical equipment

such as switchboard and panels.
They are also used to show the necessary
interconnection wiring between electrical equipment.
For example, one type of wiring diagram, called an
interconnection diagram, is used to show the wiring
between two or more switchboards.

Characteristics
Wiring diagrams show functional devices in their correct

relative physical locations.

Standardized and non-standard symbols are used to represent

these functional devices.

Lines are used to represent single conductors.
Multiple conductors that are bundled together or that are

installed in the same channel are shown as a single line with

radial branches to show the locations where single conductors
or other bundles leave the path of the main-trunk bundle.
Each representation of a conductor is labeled with an

identifying number (conductor number).

Logic Diagrams
Logic diagrams show the logic for complex circuits,
processes, or devices. Logic diagrams utilize block-type and
standardized logic-function symbols to represent highly
complex functions that are performed either by integrated
processing modules or by individual devices.

Purpose
Logic diagrams enable the equipment users to understand
the related logic functions of devices or processes without
requiring specific knowledge of their internal operations.

Characteristics
Logic diagrams utilize rectangular shaped blocks and

standardized logic-function symbols to represent highly

complex functions, processes, or devices.
Each block contains a written description or a logic symbol that
indicates the function of the block.
On a logic diagram, straight lines represent the paths of
process-control signals.
The points where these signal paths are illustrated as entering
or leaving a block represent the input and output signals of the
block.
Logic diagrams are also used to represent the functions of an
integrated control system that comprises several physically
separated devices and electrical circuits.

Numbering System
Format
Major Electrical Equipment
The following numbering system shall be used for major electrical
equipment in the primary power distribution system, power
supplies to process equipment, essential power distribution
systems, instrument power supplies, and supervisory systems.

The format is XX-XX-XXXXXX and is composed of the

following parts:

 Note 1: The equipment category code shall consist of two to

five letters and is a unique code for each piece of electrical

equipment.

Note 2: The WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) unit number

shall be per the requirements of specification.

Note 3: The voltage number is a two-digit number that

identifies the voltage level as follows:

01 - 230 kV
10 - 34.5 kV
20 - 13.8 kV
30 - 4.16 kV and 2.4 kV
40 - 480 V and below

 Note 4: The serial number is a two-digit number that

starts at 01. Each piece of electrical equipment has a

unique serial number for its category and substation.
Substations do not have serial number.

Note 5: A single letter (usually starts at A) is used to

identify two or more identical pieces of equipment in

the same service, such as a shared serial number by
two transformers connected to the same double
ended switchgear or a shared serial number by two
battery chargers connected to a set of battery.

CATEGORY CODES

EXAMPLES:
1. ESWG-83-2001A
ESWG -Essential Switchgear
83 -WBS unit number
20 -The voltage level of this equipment is 13.8 kV
01 -The first equipment in this series of this type of
equipment
A -Connected to bus A
2. XFR-70-1001B
XFR -Power Transformer
70 -WBS unit number
10 -The voltage level of this equipment is 34.5 kV
01 -The first equipment in this series of this type of
equipment
B -Connected to bus B

3. MCC-84-4003B1 or MCC-84-4003B2
MCC Motor Control Center
84 WBS unit number
40 The voltage level of this equipment is 480 volts
03 The third equipment in this series of this type of
equipment
B Connected to bus B
1 or 2 The first or the second MCC connected to bus B
4. SUB-82
SUB Substation
82 WBS unit number
Note that substations do not have a voltage number or serial
number.

Minor Electrical Equipment

The following numbering system shall be used for minor
electrical equipment such as lighting panelboards, terminal
boxes and other equipment not listed as major equipment:
The format is XXX-XX-X and is composed of the following
parts:

Note 1: The equipment category code shall consist of two to

four letters and is a unique code for each type of minor
electrical equipment.
Note 2: The WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) unit numbers
refer to the requirements of specification.
Note 3: Each type of minor electrical equipment has a unique
letter designation assigned to it. All distribution panels shall
be considered one type of minor electrical equipment and
shall not share common letter designation.

EXAMPLES:
1. ELP-82-A
ELP -Essential Lighting Panel
82 -WBS unit number
A -Unique letter designation
2. PP-82-B
PP -Power Panel
82- WBS unit number
B -Unique letter designation