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ECOLOGY
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
Public Administration- a branch of political
science dealing primarily with the structure
and workings of agencies charged with the
administration of governmental functions.
interaction of
the organisms of
public administration
and their
environment; and
The
interaction of
the administrator
with the organization
itself.
1.The Administrators
Attitudes on Environment
Should be borne in
mind
It is part of the executive responsibility to
be alert to forces in the external
environment that affects the
organization and its goals. Organizations
develop adaptive mechanisms and
structural devices for coping with these
environmental factors and relating them
to the internal process of management.
- Dalton E. McFarland
8
Importance of environment
McFarland reported:
We found that the external environment is
important because it contains influences
that shape the behavior of those inside the
company. The main way this occurs is
through information coming into the
organization from outside that helps it
shape its goals. According to his perception
of these signals and his interpretation of
their meanings, the executives task
environment emerges.
12
External Environmental
Factors/Constraints
Educational
Constraint
Legal- Political Constraint
Social- Cultural
Constraint
Economic Constraint
Religious Constraint
Educational Constraint
As seen by Harold Koontz and Cyril
ODonnell, there is always the
phenomenon of a shortage of
educational brain power. They claim
that the characteristics of a society,
the presence of literacy level, the
availability of specialized vocational
training, higher education, and
management development program
could lessen its education motives.
14
Legal-Political Constraint
Most organizations, if not all are governed by laws
that are extremely complicated. These laws
usually apply to personnel administration.
While these laws were designed to guide the
administrator in the management of the
organization, in some instances, they hamper
the attainment of its administrative efficiency.
Socio-Cultural Constraint
Broadly Speaking, we are
recognizing that man is just a
subsystem of the universe and
that his actions may have
significant adverse implications
for his environment, other living
organisms and all of mankind.
- Johnson, Kast and Rosenzweig
16
Economic Constraint
Economic stability is a significant
variable. It is accepted by many
that money is the life-blood of any
organization.By that alone, it is
clear that it is an economic
environmental factor.
Utilization of production factors, as
Koontz and ODonnell piont out, is
also an economic environmental
matter of great significance.
17
Religious Constraint
Section 6, Article III, entitled Bills of
Rights:
No law shall be made respecting an
establishment of religion, of prohibiting
the free exercise thereof. The free exercise
and enjoyment of religious profession and
worship, without discrimination or
preference, shall forever be allowed. No
religious test shall be required for the
exercise of civil or political rights.
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