Strategies for

Resource Management
for better input use
efficiency
Odisha State

Land use pattern

Sl.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Items

Area

Forest
Miscellaneous Trees & Groves
Permanent Pasture
Culturable waste
Land Put to Non-Agriculture
Barren & un-culturable land
Current fallow
Other fallow
Net Area Sown
Total Geographical Area

58.13
3.42
4.94
3.75
12.98
8.40
8.49
2.29
53.31
155.71

Gross cropped area

87.99

Cropping Intensity (%)

166

Cultivated Land Inventory

Cultivated Land- 61.80 lakh hectares

Cultivated Area Kharif Paddy Area

High
29.14
6.51
Medium 17.55
16.51
Low
15.11
14.91
61.80
37.93
Land with Acidic soil - 40 lakh hectares
(13 lakh hectares with pH>5.5)
Prone to saline innundation- 4 lakh hectares
Prone to flooding - 3.54 lakh hectares
Prone to water logging - 0.75 lakh hectares
Irrigation Potential created (2011-12):
Kharif 30.64 lakh hectares
Rabi
15.29 lakh hectares

Average size of holding- 1.15 hectares.

Small and Marginal farmers - 86.2% of the farming community

Fertility and Nutrient Status

70% of our soil affected due to soil acidity
(40 lakh ha acidic & 13 lakh ha with pH 5.5)
Deficient Nutrients Extent of Defficiency in %)
Zinc - 19 % (prevalent in medium & Low Land soils
Boron - 44% (majority of upland Soils)
Sulphur - 28%

Nutrient Status up to Gram Panchayat Level for

major nutrients has been uploaded in the website
www.orsac.org/natural resources/soilfertility and
is available in public domain
Soil Health Card Generation has been Made OnLine

Soil Testing & fertiliser use

Items

Achievement
2010-11 2011-12

2012-13

2013-14
(upto 08/11)

Target

227550

512000

220000

265000

Samples
Received

162085

231694

384418

91615

Samples Analysed

159593

169207

357611

91615

No. of Health
Cards Issued

159593

169207

357611

91615

Consequent up on massive soil testing and

recommendations thereof we are inching towards the
ideal ratio of N:P:K which is 4:2:1

Extent of fallow land and measures

required to bring them to cultivation
Fallow land in the state- 11.17 lakh hectsres (nearly 17%)
Measures required
Taking up different plantation crops in well drained
uplands remaining fallow.
Growing low duty and fodder crops.
Fallow Low land prone to water logging could be
exploited for fisheries/ integrated farming systems.
Establishment of Irrigation points; bore wells, WHS,
farm ponds/ dugwells etc.
Treatment of land for reducing soil erosion and runoff
losses.
Livelihood interventions.
Incentivising productive use of fallow land.

Extent of use of subsidy and quality

inputs by tenant farmers
While providing extension services and
different quality agri-inputs farmers are
not discriminated for owning land except
for infrastructural development.
Thus, all the tenant farmer have equal
access to quality agri inputs.

Scope for improving Potential and

sustainable use of land resources
Ample of scope for improving potential of land
resources

Exploiting irrigation potential

Provisioning appropriate drainage facilities
Appropriate and adequate soil amelioration
Adoption of proper nutrient and soil management
practices.
Capacity building of farmers and extension
functionaries.
Reclamation of degraded land through proper
treatment.
Reduce the extent of fallow land through proper usage

WATER:
Available Water Resources
Description

Odisha

India

Annual Precipitation (Annual av. Rainfall

1451 mm)

230.76 BCM

4000 BCM

Average Annual Water Resources

141.41 BCM

1869 BCM

Utilisable Water Resources (surface +

Ground Water)

108.15 BCM

1122 BCM

Utilisable Resources (% precipitation)

47%

28%

Storage Capacity created (upto 2011-12)

17.01 BCM
+1.77 BCM
(under
constn.)

NA

Source: Annual Report 2011-12 of Water Resources Department, Govt.

Of Odisha

Declining per capita availability of

water
India

1820 m3 in 2001
1144 m3 in 2050

Orissa

3359 m3 in 2001
2218 m3 in 2051
But by 2051:
Rushikulya basin will experience a scarcity
condition and basins like Budhabalanga and
Bahuda will be close to scarcity condition
Stress level 1700 m3/year
Scarcity level 1000 m3/year
Absolute scarcity level - < 500 m3/year

Courtsey Dr. Lalit Mohan Garnayak, Chief Agronomist, OUAT

Irrigation
Out of the cultivated area of 61.80 lak ha about
49.90 lakh ha (Annual Report 2007-08 - water
resources Deptt. ) can be brought under assured
irrigation.
Irrigation potential created in lakh ha (Source-wise)
Source
Kharif
Rabi
(2012-13)
Major & Medium

13.69

6.27

Minor (flow)

5.95

0.77

Minor (lift)

5.49

3.11

Other Sources

6.17

5.58

31.30

15.73

Total

Irrigation potential utilised Kharif - 20.79 lakh ha

Rabi- 10.09 lakh ha

(65.7%
)

GOUND WATER RESOURCES AVAILABILITY,

UTILIZATION AND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
IN ODISHA
Annual Replenishable Ground Water
Resource

17.78 bcm

Natural Discharge during nonMonsoon season

1.09 bcm

Net Annual Ground Water Availability

16.69 bcm

Annual Ground Water Draft

Irrigation
Domestic and
Industrial uses
Total

3.47 bcm
(20.8%)
0.89 bcm
(5.3%)
4.36 bcm

Stage ofAnnual
Ground
Water
Development
26 %Water
Source:Report
2010-11,
Central Ground
Board

Efficiency of Water Use

Efficiency of Canal Water use- < 38.5 %
Ground water & Surface lifts- 60 %
Challenges Transmission losses on account of unlined and
ill maintained distribution channels.
Vast coverage under Rice crop (nearly 2/3 rd).
(the WUE of rice being one of the least)
Inadequate spread of Micro irrigation.
Due to improper irrigation scheduling.
Improper crop planning

Micro irrigation and water

Management for WUE
Spinkler and drip irrigation systems
are being popularised in a massive
way.
HDPE pipes are being promoted for
minimising transmission loss
Capacity building for efficient crop
planning and water management in
ayacuts.
PIM and IWRM being promoted
through formation of WUA (Pani

Watershed development and rain

water harvesting
Extent of coverage under watershed
During 11th and 12th Plan period (upto
2012-13)
13442 no of Soil Conservation Structures
and
1589 nos. of WHS have been established.
2943 ha of Plantation and
7.2 km of avenue plantation have been
taken up
5330 micro watersheds implemented

Augmentation and application of

irrigation water
Strategies
Lining of canal & Rehabilitation of systems
Lining of distributaries and maintenance.
Promotion of participatory irrigation
management(PIM) & Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM).
Proper crop planning and irrigation scheduling.
Adoption of improved methods of irrigation.
Adoption of appropriate Water Management
practices.
Establishment of new irrigation sources.

Energy and Farm Power

Level of energy use from different sectors
Power consumption - 151 million units (1.16 % of the total consumption)
Govt. has decided to install separate Dedicated Agriculture Feeder for supply of
power to Agriculture sectors throughout the State. Rs.150 crore has been provided
in the budget during Financial Year 2013-14 for this purpose.

Optimum use of machinery shall enhance efficiency in energy use.

Availability of farm power - 1.405 kW/ha. (To be enhanced to 2 kW/ha by
2020.)
Human and draft animal contributes 0.71 kw/ha
machinery contribute 0.695 kw/ha

Nearly 5.5 lakhs machinery including pump sets are available in the State.
55 lakh Agricultural labour and 80 lakhs draught animal contribute to the
Farm Power.
Access of Smal and Marginal Farmers to Farm Mechanisation
More than 1200 nos. Agro Service Centers have been Established in the State.
Normally small/marginal farmers are benefited by custom hiring of the
Implement /machinery available at Agro service centre.
More over SF & MF are major benefactors of mannual and bullock drawn farm
equipments.
Ample of subsidy extended to small and marginal farmers for farm mechanisation.

Energy and Farm Power Contd

Strtegy to improve energy efficiency in farm Operation
Ergonomic aspect is being taken in to consideration while
designing Manual/ Bullock drawn implements.
Special energy feeders are being set up in different places to
supply un interrupted power to Agriculture and fishery sector.

Strategy to improve agricultural Mechanisation

More fund is being made available from State plan Schemes
over and above the GoI allocation.
Subsidy for different Agriculture implements/machinery has
been increased.
Subsidy up to 75% of the cost being extended in case of
specific implements/ Machineries.
Demonstrations and trainings are conducted in large scale
Special training on repair and maintenance of farm machineries
and equipments especially to un-employed youths.

Agriculture Infrastructure
Availability of Storage and Processing Facility
Storage Storage space of 4, 03, 200 sq. ft. to store 20160 Tonnes of Seed.
The capacity has been enhanced through construction of another 17
godowns under assistance from Central Plan.
Dehumidified chmbers having capacity to store 500 MT of seeds has
been established.
PACSs/LMAP godowns store seeds for sale during the sowing season.
The storage space of SWC & CWC and from private owners are hired
during peak periods.

Processing
State has 153 functional seed processing plants with a capacity to
process 341.83 TPH
(96 Govt. & Public Sector +57 nos. Pvt. Sector)

28 nos. of Seed Processing plants have been repaired to enhance the

processing capacity.
Mobile seed processing plants with processing capacity of 2 TPH have
been engaged.
For uninterrupted operation during peak seasons gensets have been
installed in some of the Plants.

Agriculture Infrastructure Contd..

Market Network established 65 RMCs spreading across 55 revenue subdivisions
9 specialised cotton marketing yards
108 Cattle Market Yards under 39 RMCs.
43 Krushak Bazars for marketing of fruits and vegetables.

Two Maize Mandis (Umerkote, Raighar) and two Cotton mandies

(pralakhemundi, Berhampur).
A mobile Grading Laboratory to facilitate paddy procurement.
AGMARKNET nodes have been established in 91 markets.
OAPM Act amended in June 2006 to encourage establishment of
private market and contract farming.
37 market yards are being established with assistance under
13th Finance Commission Grant
GoO has issued license to NCDEX Spot (electronic Spot
exchange in India) to take up e-trading of maize, cotton, pulses
and ginger.

Agriculture Infrastructure Contd..

Soil Testing facilities in Odisha

Period

Status of Soil
Testing Facility

Annual
Capacit
y
for
testing

Remarks

Before 11th
Plan
11 static STLs

120000

6 Static STLs & 6Mobile

STLs
established and
existing Labs upgraded

130000 6 STLs
60000
6MSTLs
30000
Upgraded STLs40000

During 11th
Plan

Soil Testing by Private

15000
OUAT is extending
soil
testing
facilities
at Bhubaneswar &
Sector
at 9 KVKs. th

New Initiatives for Soil Testing

Setting up additional 13 Static Labs by Agril Deptt

(All 30 districts will be covered with Static Soil Testing Labs)

Setting up 34 Static Labs by Co-operation
Deptt
(These Labs to be Operated at PACS Level)
Setting up of 5 Additional Mobile Soil Testing Units
All Static Labs have been equipped with Atomic
Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) for micronutrient
testing

These laboratories taken together will

enhance the Soil Testing Facilities by 3 Fold

Agriculture Infrastructure Contd..

Fertiliser quality Control Facilities The state has three FQCLabs at

Berhampur, Sambalpur and Rayagada with
a total capacity to test 10000 samples per
annum.
Another FQCL is under progress with
testing capacity of 4000 samples annually.

One Bio-fertiliser Testing Laboratory

with a capacity to test 500 samples
annually has been commissioned.

Agriculture Infrastructure Contd..

Private investment in agriculture Infrastructure Cold storage cold chains have been established.
Udyan Fresh an marketing endeavour in PPP
mode for marketing of vegetables and fruits.
(12 outlets have been established)

57 seed processing plants in private sector.

Godown spaces have been established by
private entrepreneurs are often leased in for
public purposes.

Agriculture Infrastructure
Contd..
Facilities for providing inputs to
farmers.
Inputs godowns are spread across
the state up to block level for storing
agri-inputs.
Seed Godowns, Godowns in the FIAC
buildings

PACSs /LAMPs godowns are also

utilised for storing agri-iputs

Agriculture Infrastructure
Contd..
Scope and opprtunities to improve
Godowns need to be established at
GP level to house agri inputs to
facilitate availability at the farmers
door step.
More of assistance to be provided for
establishment of dehumidified
storages.

Agro advisory network

OUAT is the first SAU in the country to launch Agro-Met
website since 2001.
Research and Development Organisations
OUAT (SAU), Bhubaneswar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack
CIFA (Central Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture), Bhubaneswar
CTCRI (Central Tuber Crop Research Institute), Bhubaneswar
DoWM (Directorate of Water Management), Bhubaneswar
DRWA (Directorate of Research for Women in Agriculture),
Bhubaneswar
CHES (Central Horticulture Experimentation Station), Bhubaneswar
CSWCRI (Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute)
Koraput
IRRI Hub for Odisha , Cuttack
RPRC (Regional Plant Resources Center), Bhubaneswar

Performance of KVKs and

ATMAs
Krishi Vigyan Kendras
There are 33 KVKs operating in he
state primarily engaged in On-farm
Testing, Frontline Demonstrations &
Training.
Items

No.s.
conducte
d

No. of
beneficia
ry

On-farm
Testing

443

2648

Frontline
demonstratio
n

584

4819

2285

51660

Trainings

Performance of ATMA
In all the 314 blocks Block Technology Teams and
Farmers Advisory Committee have been formed.
314 Block Technology Manager (BTM) & 628 Block Level
Technical Assistants (BLTA) have been engaged.
12468 Farmer Friends @ 2/per GP have been identified.
During 2013-14
10000 acres with proper marketing tie-up.
Promoting HYV scented rice (Kudrat & Pravat)
Massive Seed Treatment Capaig @ 10000 hectares in each
Block
Promoting soil testing @ 10 samples per village.
Exposure visit of 215 Extension Officers & 1000 farmers
outside the state.
Organising 642 Farm Schools
Training of 300 newly recruited Asst. Agricultural Officers.

Extent of services of Research &

extension agencies used in Agriculture
Development
KVKs act as a member both in ATMA Governing Board &
ATMA management Committee
One of the Subject Matter Specialists of KVK acts as DPD
(technical) of ATMA.
KVKs also provides technical support to various flagship
programmes being implemented.
Res.-Extension-Farmer linkage is being strengthened
through various programmes.
Transfer of technology is being done through Capacity
building programmes.
Other NGOs/ Organisations/ Technical support Institutions
working in the field of agriculture development are being
involved as partners in the development process.

Extent of information on improved input and

technology shared to the farming community .
Disemination of such information is being done
through
various mass media,
providing quality input and input assistance,
conducting demonstrations and trials,
organising Farmer Field schools, Farmers Training,
Exposure visits and other capacity building
programmes.
Incentivising technology adoptions and farmers
recognition
Free mobiles with access to market information to all
farmers (5000 have been supplied in the first phase).

Scope for improving information and

technology disemination
A lot of technology having potential to improve the pace
of development in agriculture still remains unexploited.
Development in agriculture has become very
competitive in the post globalisation era.
Technology need to be constantly upgraded and
transfered for results as continuous process.
Interactive portals/infromation kiosks need to be
established .
There need to be simulated pictorial programmes on
technology which can solve the language barrier.
Technology Parks need to be established with state of
the art technologies employed.

Credit & Insurance

Credit Flow to Agriculture Sector
(Coop. + Com. Banks)
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14

- `5533.58 crores
- `6574.94 crores
- `5710.82 crores
- `10454.14 crores
- `7000.00 crores
(Prog. For Coop. Sector)

Access to Kissan Credit Card

Total number of active KCC
Cooperative - 41.58 lakh
Comm. /RRBs - 13.41 lakh
TOTAL - 54.99 lakhs

Crop Insurance- (Number of farmers covered under NAIS,

MNAIS, WBCIS)
2010-11 - 1258554
2011-12 - 1639989
2012-13 - 1584511
Crops covered Paddy, Groundnut, Maize, Arhar, Cotton, Patato,
Mustard, Turmeric, Ginger

Scope and opportunities to

improve credit flows to small and
marginal farmers

The small and marginal farmers are being

extended interest subvention. (3% subsidy
on interest for timely repayment)
The scale of finance being revised suitably.
Self help groups of tennant farmers or oral
lesees are being extended crop loans
Co-op. credit structure is being revamped.
Universal coverage by Kissan Credit Cards
to ensure flexibility in lending norms.

Human Resource
Availability of human resource is adequate
The PRIs respond well and are well aquainted with Agriculture sector
Programmes.
They are involved from planning level to implementation.
Training Institutes Institute of Management on Extension (IMAGE)
3 Regional Institute of Training on Extension
3 Training Institutes of Horticulture
Minor Irrigation and Water use Training Institute
Water and Land Management Training Institute
OUAT has a Agriculture Technology Infoirmation Center that caters to training.
Resouce persons/ Instructors are either available or outsourced from other
institutions/ organisations for capacity building.
KVKs
FIAC s at Block level.
Krushak Chetna Kendra in Watershed Areas

Strategies for improvement

Estabishement of Agri-polytechnics
Establishment of Farmer Training Centers at District Levels

Thank You