A

SEMINAR ON
PRACTICAL TRAINING
TAKEN AT
LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
220KV GSS HEERAPURA , JAIPUR
Jaipur Engineering College and Research centre

SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED

BY:
Ms. Ritu Vyas

Shubham

INTRODUCTION OF R.S.E.B

INTRODUCTION

OF PLCC

PLC REGULATIONS

WAVETRAPS
LIGHTNING

ARRESTER

ADVANTAGES OF PLCC
DISADVANTAGES OF PLCC

RSEB started from 1 July 1957

It is a big organization and it function

under provision electricity act

The aim of RSEB is to supply

electricity
to entire Rajasthan state
in most economical way

The target of board is to distribute

energy in new areas as possible

POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

Power line carrier communication has been
found to
be the most economical and reliable method for
communication medium and long distance in a
power
distance.

To cope up with ever

increasing size of power
grid
Need for economic and
reliable means of
intercommunication
between various
generating station,
substation and control
room
Avoid dependence of
busy telephone lines

Voice signal modulated on carrier

frequency and transmitted on power line
No need for lying separate cable for
transmission
Integrates transmission of voice and data
through same line
Allows flow of information through same
cording which supplies electrical power

Two biggest problems1)Excessive Noise

Level
2) Cable
Attenuation

Noise and disturbance includes-over voltages,

under voltages, frequency variation and so
on.
Most harmful noise for PLCC is that
superimposed on power lines
Switching device such as light dimmers,
induction motors and television cause such
superimposed noise.

For PLCC to operate reliably it must be able

to avoid, or cope up with different type of
noise encountered which exist at different
frequencies at unpredictable times
FREQUENCY HOPINGIt is a spread spectrum communication
technique meaning that the total available
spectrum is split up into smaller sections so
as to be better utilized.

Private-user communications must occur in

the bandwidth 95-150kHz.
Within this bandwidth, the section from
125-140kHz is reserved for devices that
use unique addreassing schemes. Such
schemes avoid possible interference from
neighboring PLCC devices.
PLCC devices should operate at a
maximum transmitted power of 500mW.
This limitation is for many reasons, some
chiefly being so as to avoid possible radiofrequency interference problems, and
neighboring device interference

 WAVE TRAPS
Wave traps (WTs) are used between the
transmission line and the power stations to avoid
carrier power dislocation in the power plant and cross
talk with other power line carrier circuits connected to
the same power station.
WTs also ensure proper operating conditions and
signal levels at the PLCC transmit receive equipment
irrespective of switching conditions of the power
circuits and equipment in the station.
A wave trap must satisfy the following requirements:
1) It must block the carrier currents. By blocking,
we mean that the track should attenuate the H.F.
signals by at least 8 to 10 dB.

The basic arrangement of connecting the Wave

trap and coupling
capacitor in PLCC communication is shown in
the figure
below

 The

ground wires running over the towers provides an

adequate protection against lighting called L.A.

It

reduced the induced electrostatic or electromagnetic

voltage.

good light arrester must pass the following

properties:

1:It should not absorb any current during normal operation, but
during over voltage surge it must provide an easy way to the
earth.
2:After the over voltage discharge, it must be capable of
interrupting the normal frequency of current from flowing to
ground as soon as voltages reaches below break down value.

Internet access
Telephony
AMR( automated meter readings)
Home automation
Home security
Video conferencing

The electric grids are modern, well maintained, and far

superior to any of the wired communications networks.
There are more electrical customers than telephone,
cable, and other wired communications customers
together.
The backbone of the Internet as well as the long distance
telephone lines are all fiber optic cables which can carry
a signal for only 20 miles, without regeneration, coaxial
cable 15 miles and copper telephone wire 5 miles.
Signals over the power grid can travel more than 2000
miles without regeneration.
The analog spread spectrum waves have much greater
bandwidths or carrying capacity than the digital switched
systems.
Another inherent advantage to the Digital Power line
model is the fact that it works well over the existing
electric power infrastructure. Only the substation server

PLC has a number of new applications as

Broadband PLC
Microwave Technology
Frequency conditioned power networking

Developed a low cost reliable means of

transmitting data, voice and video at high
speeds using the infrastructure of electrical
power grids and existing utility providers
Electrical power grid is most widespread,
maintained worldwide network which
provide economical broadband and LAN to
every customer that has an electrical outlet

Used to pull data through magnetic field created

by AC flowing through electrical power
Modulating signals onto magnetic field allow to
transmit signal through transformer over high
voltage electrical transmission and distribution
lines at speed up to 2.5 GB per second
Microwave signals propagated onto mag.flux field
can travel up to 2000 miles without regeneration.
This allows the electrical grid to carry these
communication services at near light speed

Send over a billion bit of data per second

over electrical power lines
It breaks the signals into multiple streams,
each of which is pulled across the magnetic
field in power grid.
Special receivers combine mini streams of
data back into original data configuration.

Offers right balance of cost, convenience

and speed
It gives high speed internet access through
electrical networks
Lower costs are achieved because the
service is implemented on standard
electrical lines and is already connected to
almost all residence and business through
electrical lines
It speed would be 1Mbps, 20 times faster
then a standard modem connection
No need for bulky apparatus associated
with wireless access.

New power line technology would provide

data at almost 10 times the speed of fastest
connections currently available to home
users
The new rate would be 1 Mbps
The flat rate price of most customer is 20 to
30 pound a month but the tap card cost
nearly 150 to 200 pound per month.

Tests in PLC have been carried out in 20

countries in around 1500 residences. The
mapping of results has been extremely positive
and forecasts a great demand for the system
Digital power technology is definitely an
exciting alternative to connect internet via
phone and modem. Though this technology is
not commercially available yet, it should be
available over other broadband technologies
due to relatively low cost of its local loop.
Moreover, its high speed will provide internet
access, local phone, and long distance service
to customers