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FOR CROWN
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
Egyptian are the first known efforts to enamel a
substructure with a ceramic veneer
Chinese ceramists developed porcelain which was
characterized by verification, translucency,
Hardness and impermeability
In seventeenth century Europeans attempted of
developing porcelain of similar quality. This lead to
the knowledge of basic component kaolin and
feldspar
In the second half of the eighteenth century
Fauchard and others attempted to use porcelain
for dental applications.
HISTORY
End of 1800:porcelain was successfully used
for dental prosthesis.
Mid 1950s-a dental porcelain was developed
with a coefficient of thermal expansion similar
to the exisisting dental casting alloys
Later 1950-metal ceramic restoration became
commercially available
1970s-1980s the term Porocelain fused to
metal was commonly used
FINISH LINE
CONFIGURATION
CHAMFER
The finish gingival line for veneer metal restoration is the chamfer.
Finish line shows least stress.
It can be cut by the tip of a round end diamond.
The margin of the cast restoration that fits against it combines an acute
edge with a near by bulk of metal.
HEAVY CHAMFER
The heavy chamfer is used to provide a 90degree
cavosurface angle with a large radius rounded
internal angle.
Created by round end diamond.
It provide better support to ceramic crown.
SHOULDER
Shoulder has been the choice for all ceramic crown.
The wide ledge provides resistance to occlusal force &
minimizes stress that might lead to fracture of the porcelain.
Produces space for healthy restoration contours & maximum
esthetic.
Require more destruction of tooth.
RADIAL SHOULDER
Its a modified form of shoulder finish line.
After preparing of shoulder, a small radius rounded internal angle is
instrumented by an end cutting parallel sided carbide finish bur & finish is
completed by modified bin angle chisel.
Cavosurface angle is 90degree and width is slightly lessened by classic
shoulder.
Support for ceramic restoration wall is good.
Destruction of tooth is equal to that required for classic shoulder.
KNIFE EDGE
Ultimate finish line for an acute margin of metal but can
create a problem.
The thin margin of the restoration that fits this finish line may
be difficult to accurately wax or cast.
The use of knife edge can result in over countered restoration.
Have to be used on the lingual surface of mandibular
posterior teeth, teeth with very convex axial surface & on the
surface toward which a tooth may have tilted.
PORCELAIN JACKET
CROWN
PORCELAIN JACKET
CROWN
The PJC is the most esthetic restoration for duplicating individual anterior
teeth.
Adequate tooth restoration is created to achieve space for the porcelain
bulk required for strength of the restoration.
Pulpal & occlusal relationships are carefully examined before the PJC is
prepared.
Porcelain can withstand with compressive strength but susceptible to
fracture from shearing force.
Size & position of the pulp is determined before selecting PJC.
INCISAL REDUCTION
The incisal reduction is perpendicular to the long axis of the
tooth & 2mm apical to contemplated edge of the finish
restoration.
Initial the reduction was preformed in the flat plane perpendicular to the
long axis of the tooth.
It is now modified to the inclination of the mandibular teeth, usually at
45degree angle to the long axis of tooth in a normal occlusion relationship.
AXIAL REDUCTION
o The mesial & distal areas are first reduced to 2-5degree taper with establishing a
shoulder at this time with long taper diamond. This help to isolate the tooth.
o The facial reduction is done by flatened diamond or No.700 carbide bur to remove
the labial surface while establishing a preliminary shoulder.
o The incisal 2/3rd of the facial surface should be inclined to provide uniform porcelain
& ensure suitable esthetic.
The axial walls are smoothed to the complete the preparation, while sharp
angles are rounded.
The labial gingival finish line is rarely supra gingival, so special attention
is directed to the soft tissue.
FULL METAL
CROWN
OCCLUSAL REDUCTION
Reduction begun by creating about 1.5mm of clearance on the functional
cusp & 1mm on the nonfunctional cusp.
Depth orientation grooves are placed on the occlusal surface of the tooth
to provide an easy reference to determine when reduction is sufficient.
A round ended tapered diamond bur is used to place the grooves.
The tooth structure remaining between the grooves is removed to
accomplished the occlusal reduction.
FINAL PREPARATION
All the axial surfaces are smoothed with carbide finishing bur.
Special care should be taken in rounding the corners to insure that the
finish line will be smooth & continuous.
METAL CERAMIC
CROWNS
Also called porcelain fused to metal restoration,
consists of a ceramic layer bonded to a thin cast
metal.
Such restoration combines the strength &
accurate fit of a cast metal crown with a the
cosmetic effect of ceramic crown.
Friedlander et al found the metal ceramic
crown 2.8 times strong & more longevity than
ceramic alone.
ANTERIOR METALCERAMIC
CROWN
A uniform reduction of approximately 1.2mm is needed over
TOOTH PREPARATION
Labial grooves should be cut in two sets.
One set parallel with the gingival half of the
labial surface & one set parallel with the
incisal half of the labial surface.
Grooves should be 1.2mm deep.
Incisal reduction is done with flat end tapered diamond, so that its parallel
the inclination of the unprepared incisal edge.
Allow to easy instrument access to axial surface & gingival finish line.
Reduction of the incisal portion of the labial surface is done by flat end
tapered diamond bur.
All tooth structure is planed off to the depth of orientation grooves.
POSTERIOR METAL
CERAMIC CROWN
The use of metal-ceramic crowns on posterior
teeth allows the creation of an esthetic
restoration on a posterior tooth.
Maxillary premolars, 1st molar & mandibular
premolars are in esthetic zone.
Maxillary 2nd molar, mandibular molars may
required metal ceramic crown if patient will not
accept full metal crown.
Before the preparation is begun, silicon putty
will add to all the tooth surface to prepare index
for guidance for tooth preparation.
OCCLUSAL REDUCTION
Begun by making depth orientation grooves with a roundended diamond.
In the area where ceramic coverage will be, reduction should
be 1.5-2mm.
The occlusal reduction will be complete by removing strips of
intact enamel between grooves.
FUNCTIONAL CUSP
REDUCTION
Required uniform
bulk of restoration on the lingual inclination
FACIAL REDUCTION
Flat-end tapered diamond is used to placed three vertical grooves in the
occlusal portion of the facial surface & two orientation grooves are placed
near the line angle of the tooth.
The full diameter of the bur must cut into the tooth.
All tooth structure between the grooves in the occlusal segment of the
facial surface should remove with flat-end tapered diamond.
The gingival portion of facial surface is reduced & extend into the
proximal surface.
Reduction should be 1.2- 1.4mm
AXIAL REDUCTION