IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

Emergency Services
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Christian Militeau
Director, IEN Services Development
ESIF 16 - January 2006

Objectives
Highlight Current Standards Activity
Present an Overview of IMS Architecture
Define IMS Core Network Elements
Illustrate Registration and Call Flow
Present an Overview of IMS in the context of
Emergency Services

Where does IMS come from?

In Wireline there has been a long term move towards a Voice over
Packet (VoIP) replacement for the PSTN
Drivers have always been to reduce OPEX in fixed line networks by
optimising bandwidth usage, and replacing outdated TDM switching
fabric
Compressed speech into less than 64kbps channels (G Standards)
Further optimisation using VAD, Silence Suppression, ATM AAL2 or IP multiplexing yields
significant reduction in core network bandwidth requirements.

Drivers in 3GPP for Wireless are more service related

IMS is born out of a need for feature rich services
Bandwidth requirements and their impact on capacity for the Radio interface (GSM, GPRS,
3G).

IMS provides the final piece in the business case for the NGN

IMS-Related Standards Initiatives

IMS Releases

What is IMS?
Service Architecture
Applications/Services
Plane

Core Network
Session
Control Plane

An Industry Standard Service

Architecture (SA) and Core
Network (CN) architecture

Web
Web Portal
Portal

Application
Application
Servers
Servers

Session
Session
Control
Control

An IP Multimedia Services
Architecture
Defined with Open Standards
from 3GPP and ETSI

Centralized
Centralized
Databases
Databases

Based on IETF Protocols (SIP,

RTP, RTSP, COPS, DIAMETER,
etc.)

HSS

CSCF

Access
Network

Media
Media
Server
Server
Media
Media
Control
Control &
&
Gateways
Gateways

Access & Transport

Plane

Other
Networks

Designed for both Wireless and

Wireline Networks and for Fixed
and Mobile Convergence (FMC)
A Solution for Service
Transparency
Capable of Interworking with
PSTN (i.e. legacy IN-based
services)

CSCF Call Session Control Function

HSS Home Subscriber Server

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) - Key Attributes

Open Industry Standard
Support for a Variety of
Applications:
Application
Layer

Common OAM&P Environment

Ease integration into OSS/BSS/NMS
Web
Web Portal
Portal

Speed Applications to market

Common Session Control Element

to Provide Service Interworking

Application
Application
Servers
Servers

Common
Common
OAM&P,Billing,
OAM&P,Billing,
etc.
etc.

Common Subscriber
Database with Open
Interfaces

Predictable interactions between multiple

services
Session
Control
Layer

Session
Session
Control
Control

Centralized
Centralized
Databases
Databases

Distributed Session Control

IMS flexibility and scalability reduce OPEX
Support mobility/portability
Access
Layer

Access
Network

Media
Media
Server
Server
Media
Media
Control
Control &
&
Gateways
Gateways

Service Consistency Across Wireless,

Wireline and VoIP Endpoints:
Retain ownership of the subscriber and their
services

Common support for

CoS, QoS, security,
scalability, reliability, and
performance

Other
Networks

Capable of
Interworking with the
PSTN (i.e. legacy INbased services)

Ability to provide differentiated services

IMS Access Network Independence

SIP Application
SIP Application Servers
Servers

DSL/Cable Modem
HSS

DSLAM/CMTS

IMS

CDMA 2000

I-CSCF
MRF

P-CSCF

MGCF
S-CSCF
MGW

WLAN

RNC

MSC(Server)
SGSN

BSC

UMTS/GPRS

GGSN

Corporate

CN
MGW

EBS Web Portal

Other
App Servers
(PTT, IM etc.)

Lucent

Presence
Presence
Presence
Servers
Servers

Server

Active
Phonebook
Server

BroadSoft

AnyPath

Telephony
Telephony
Telephony
Servers
Servers

Server

Messaging Svr

Pres.
Data

MRFC
MRFC

Loc.
Data

Group
Lists

Access

Micro
Micro Billing
Billing
Integrated
Integrated
Pre-paid
Pre-paid &
&
Postpaid
Postpaid

AAA

Media GW
Signaling GW
PSTN

IP LAN

DSL/Cable

WiFi/802.11x

Office/Hotel

Home

Hotspot
Wireless
Router

IP-PBX
Devices

Subs
Data

Managed Core IP Network

Media
Media
Server
Server

GGSN
PDSN

Cellular

MSC

On the Road

SS7

5ESS

Local Loop

Home/Office

Base
Station

Access
Point

Ckt-PBX

IP-phones
(IP-Centrex)

IP-phones
Clients

Network Operations, Applications

Mgt, Subscriber registration/
authorization

HSS
HSS

Transport

CSCF
CSCF

Parlay/OSA
Mediation
Gateway (ISG)

Unified
Unified
Unified
Messaging
Messaging

Service
Service Broker
Broker

Session
Control

Applications

IMS Converged Communications Services Vision

Soft-phones

Dual-mode
WiFi phone

VoIP
handset

Ckt
handset

POTS
phone

ISDN-phones

Multiple user interfaces with common look and feel

SIP Clients

Other Clients

IMS Functional Elements

Session Management (SIP)
Routing
Databases
Network Interoperability Elements
Services and Support Components
Charging Components
10

IMS Functional Elements

Application Server (AS)
Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)
Call Session Control Function (CSCF)
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
Media Gateway Function (MGW)
Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)
Multimedia Resource Function Controller (MRFC)
Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP)
Security Gateway (SEG)
Serving/Gateway GPRS Support Node (SGSN/GGSN)
Signaling Gateway (SGW)
Subscription Locator Function (SLF)
Service Capability Interaction Manager (SCIM)
Policy Decision Function (PDF) Bandwidth Manager (CoS & QoS)

11

IMS Home Network - Functional Elements

Home Subscriber Server

Centralized
Centralized DB
DB
HLR
Application Servers
HLR successor
successor
User
Push-to-talk
User profile
profile
Push-to-talk
Filter
Media Resource Function Controll
Filter criteria
criteria (sent
(sent to
to S-CSCF) Instant
Instant messaging
Which
Telephony
Pooling
Which applications
applications
Telephony AS
AS
Pooling of
of Media
Media servers
servers (e.g.
(e.g. conferenc
conferen
rd party or IMS Vendor
Which
3
Which conditions
conditions
3rd
party or IMS Vendor

Domain Name
Server

DNS
DNS
ENUM
ENUM

UA/UE

SIP

PPCSCF
CSCF

Home
Network
HSS
HSS
Diameter

I-CSCF
I-CSCF

SIP

SIP

SSCSCF
CSCF

SIP

MRFC
MRFC
MS
MS MS
MS

SIP

SIP

SIP
SIP registration
registration
SIP
SIP session
session setup
setup

SIP

SIP

MGCF
MGCF

Interfaces
Interfaces to
to PSTN/PLMN
PSTN/PLMN
Converting SIP <-> ISU
Interworking RTP to cir
H.248
H.248 control
control of
of MGW
MGW

ISUP

H.248
RTP

UA/UE

Media Gateway
Control Function

SIP

BGCF
BGCF

Call Session
Control Function

SIP

PPCSCF
CSCF

AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS

MGW
MGW

SS7
SS7
TDM

PSTN
PSTN

Serving CSCF

Proxy CSCF

Visited
st contact point for UA
1st
contact point for UA Visited
Network
Network
QoS
Routes to S-CSCF

Interrogating CSCF

Registrar
Registrar
Session
Session control
control
Application
Application Interface
Interface

Entry
Entry point
point for
for incoming
incoming calls
calls
Determines
Determines S-CSCF
S-CSCF for Subscribers
Hides
Hides network
network topology
topology

Breakout Gateway Control Function

Selects
Selects network
network (MGCF
(MGCF or
or other
other BGCF)
BGCF)
in
in which
which PSTN/
PSTN/ PLMN
PLMN breakout
breakout is
is to
to occur
occur

12

IMS Network-to-Network Connectivity

SIP

Access
Access

DNS
DNS
ENUM
ENUM

RTP
RTP

Visited
Network

HSS
HSS
Diameter

SIP

Backbone
Backbone
Packet
Packet
Network
Network

SIP

P/SP/SCSCF
CSCF

SIP

I-CSCF
I-CSCF

SIP

SIP

SIP

SSCSCF
CSCF

RTP

Home
Network

SIP

SIP
SIP

MRFC
MRFC
MS
MS MS
MS

SIP

BGCF
BGCF

UA/UE

PPCSCF
CSCF

AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS

SIP

MGCF
MGCF

ISUP

H.248

MGW
MGW

SS7
SS7
TDM

PSTN
PSTN

Proxy/Serving CSCF

Manages
Manages call origination
Selects
Selects destination
destination network
network
Routes
Routes to
to I-CSCF
I-CSCF

Interrogating CSCF

Entry
Entry point
point for
for incoming
incoming calls
calls
Determines
Determines S-CSCF
S-CSCF for Subscribers
Hides
Hides network
network topology
topology

13

IMS UE Registration
Register

MAR/MAA

HSS
HSS

MAR/MAA

S-CSCF
S-CSCF

Unauth
Register

Register

P-CSCF
P-CSCF

Unauth
Register

UA/UE

The UA/UE Registers with the S-CSCF

The S-CSCF consults HSS for Authentication
The S-CSCF Challenges the UA/UE
The UA/UE Registers with Credentials to the S-CSCF
S-CSCF Authenticates with HSS and Downloads User Profile

14

IMS Subscription to UE State Changes

Subscribe

HSS
HSS

S-CSCF
S-CSCF

Notify
Subscribe
Notify

P-CSCF
P-CSCF

Subscribe
Notify

UA/UE

The P-CSCF Subscribes to the UA/UE Registration State

S-CSCF Notifies the P-CSCF of Registration State
The UA/UE Subscribes to its Registration State
S-CSCF Notifies the UA/UE of Registration State
Now the Elements can Inform Each Other of Registration State Changes

15

A Typical Example of an IMS Call

Network Y

Network X

AS

AS
S-CSCF
S-CSCF

HSS
HSS

I-CSCF
I-CSCF
P-CSCF

P-CSCF
SGSN

DSL/Cable Modem

DSLAM/CMTS

GRX

Network Z (UMTS/GPRS)
GGSN
RNC

User A

User B

16

IMS (3G) Emergency Services Architecture

17

3GPP IMS R7 Emergency Sessions

Connectivity to Network
Capable of Delivering
Call to IP PSAP

3GPP View of Emergency Sessions

IP Access Network
Initiates Emergency
Call

IMS Core Network

IP Connectivity
Access Network (ICAN)

IP-PBX

DNS
DNS
ENUM
ENUM

SIP

AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS

HSS
HSS
Diameter

PPCSCF
CSCF

SIP

SIP
SIP

SSCSCF
CSCF

(IP-Centrex,
DSL, Cable)

PSAP Selection
Left to Implementation
IP-phones

MRFC
MRFC
MS
MS MS
MS

SIP

BGCF
BGCF

IP-phones

IP PSAP

SIP

SIP

MGCF
MGCF

ISUP
SS7
SS7

H.248

MGW
MGW

TDM

Selective
Selective
Router
Router
CAMA
E-MF

RTP

Connectivity to
Legacy Emergency
Services Network

Legacy PSAP

18

Potential Long Term

IMS Emergency Services Network
Call Delivered to
IP PSAP with
Location

Location is Used to
Determine PSAP

SIP

Access
Access

DNS
DNS
ENUM
ENUM

RTP
RTP

Customer
Home
Network

HSS
HSS
Diameter

SIP

Backbone
Backbone
Packet
Packet
Network
Network

SIP

P/SP/SCSCF
CSCF

SIP

I-CSCF
I-CSCF

SIP

PSAP
PSAP
PPAS
AS
Selectio
Selectio
AS
AS
CSCF
CSCF
n
n
AS
AS
SIP
SIP
SSCSCF
CSCF

BGCF
BGCF

Call Enters IMS ESNet

With Location

IMS Emergency
Services Network

IP PSAP

MRFC
MRFC
MS
MS MS
MS

SIP

SIP

RTP

SIP

SIP

SIP

MGCF
MGCF

ISUP

H.248

SS7
SS7

MGW
MGW

Selective Router
Router
TDM Selective

CAMA
E-MF

OR
Call Delivered to Legacy
Network Without Location
(Query for Location
Needed)

CAMA
E-MF

Legacy PSAP

19

Emergency Call Delivery

VoIP to IP PSAP

SIP Application
SIP Application Servers
Servers

VSP VoIP Network

HSS

PIDF-LO

IMS ES Network

I-CSCF

PIDF-LO
P-CSCF

IP PSAP

MRF
S-CSCF
MGCF

PSTN
ANI
STP

Legacy
EO

MGW

ANI

Legacy ESNet/PSAP

Call Originates with Location

Location used for PSAP Selection
Call Delivered with Location

20

Emergency Call Delivery

VoIP to Legacy PSAP

SIP Application
SIP Application Servers
Servers

VSP VoIP Network

HSS

PIDF-LO

IMS ES Network

I-CSCF

PIDF-LO
P-CSCF

IP PSAP

MRF
S-CSCF
MGCF

PSTN
ANI
STP

Legacy
EO

MGW

ANI

Legacy ESNet/PSAP

Call Originates with Location

Location Could be used for PSAP Selection
Call Delivered only w/Callback (ANI)
Query Mechanism Needed for Location

21

Emergency Call Delivery

Legacy PSTN to IP PSAP

SIP Application
SIP Application Servers
Servers

VSP VoIP Network

HSS

PIDF-LO

IMS ES Network

I-CSCF

PIDF-LO
P-CSCF

IP PSAP

MRF
S-CSCF
MGCF

PSTN
ANI
STP

Legacy
EO

MGW

ANI

Legacy ESNet/PSAP

Call Originates with only Callback (ANI)

Mechanism to Provide Location and
PSAP Selection Required
Call Delivered with Location

22

Emergency Call Delivery

Legacy PSTN to Legacy PSAP

SIP Application
SIP Application Servers
Servers

VSP VoIP Network

HSS

PIDF-LO

IMS ES Network

I-CSCF

PIDF-LO
P-CSCF

IP PSAP

MRF
S-CSCF
MGCF

PSTN
ANI
STP

Legacy
EO

MGW

ANI

Legacy ESNet/PSAP

Call Originates with only Callback (ANI)

Mechanism to Provide Location and
PSAP Selection Required
Call Delivered only w/Callback (ANI)
Query Mechanism Needed for Location
23

Emergency Services - Additional Topics

Bridge/Transfer
Including Location, if Feasible

Alternate Routing
Default Routing
Wireless Phase 2 Updates
TTY/TDD
3rd Party Call Centers
24

BACKUP SLIDES

25

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS DESCRIPTIONS

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
Application Server (AS)
Call Session Control Function (CSCF)
Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)
Media Gateway Function (MGW)
Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)
Multimedia Resource Function Controller (MRFC)
Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP)

26

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

HSS
HSS
Diameter

Presence, Location and Profile

End-User Identity
Private and Public End-User Information
Registration Information
Service Initiation Information
Subscriber Service Profile (SSP)
Downloaded to CSCF at Registration
27

Application Server (AS)

AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Diameter

SIP

Contains Call Related Application Logic

Facilitates a Service Creation Environment
Queried by S-CSCF in Real Time to Execute Logic
Generally Specialized for Each Service
May Provide Gateway to Legacy Applications (e.g.
AIN)
28

Call/Session Control Function (CSCF)

Diameter

SIP

PPCSCF
CSCF

I-CSCF
I-CSCF

SIP

SIP

SSCSCF
CSCF

SIP

SIP

CSCF Processes SIP Signaling

P-CSCF

First Point of User Contact

Authenticates user
May Include Policy Functions

C-CSCF

Central Node of Control Plane

Acts as Registar for User (Downloads SSP from HSS)
Invokes Application Servers
Performs Primary Routing Function

I-CSCF

Located at Edge of Administrative Domain

Is the Ingress Network Point Defined in DNS
Shields Network Topology from External Networks

29

PSTN (Circuit Switched) Gateway

SGW
SGW
SIP

BGCF
BGCF

ISUP

SIP
SIP

MGCF
MGCF
H.248

MGW
MGW

TDM

BGCF Routes to Gateway Based Upon Telephone

Number
MGCF Controlling Function for SGW and MGW
SGW Provides Signaling Conversion Between SIP
and ISUP
MGW Provides Conversion between RTP and
TDM
30

Multimedia Resource Function (MRF)

SIP

MRFC
MRFC
MS
MS MS
MS

Offers Services Such as Conferencing

MRFC SIP User Interface toward S-CSCF
MRFP Controls the Media Server (MS)

31