Unit 5

Assessing Leadership
Putting the wrong people into key
leadership positions can cost billions
of dollars and lead organizational to
ruin.
Commonly applied techniques
Application blanks
Referencechecks
Unstructured interviews

Other techniques
Best Practicesused are:
Determine the leadership level of the
position.
Build a competency model.
Use a multiple hurdles approach.

Competency model

Knowledge

Skills

+
+
other relevant contributes
to

success performance in a
particular
job

Ability

Multiple Hurdles Approach

Recruiting
Screening

Selecting

Applications

Paper & Pencil

Measures
Structured/Unstructur
ed interview

Assessment Centres

Role Play
Final hiring Decision

Measuring Effects of
Leadership
Measures

Advantages

1) Superior's Rating Frequently used

Subject of leader's
behaviour,Multiple
raters

2)

Subordinate's
Rating

3)

Unit Performance
Indices
Actual Results

Disadvantages
Biasness of superior,
rater's unwillingness to
provide feedback.
Biasness of
subordinates,
unmotivated, may be no
links between
performance & rating.

Results due to factors

beyond leaders 'control.

Other alternatives for Measuring

Leadership Potential

Performance Appraisals
360o Reviews
Intelligence Testing
Personality Assessment
Learning Agility Assessment

Groups
Two or more individuals interacting
with each other in order to
accomplish a common goal.

Types of groups
Formal Groups: A group that managers
establish to achieve organization goals.
Eg: Product development team, college
faculty, finance dept. of a company.
Informal Group: A group that managers or
non managerial employees form to help
achieve their own goals or to meet their own
needs. Bring together people to meet there
social needs. This group forms naturally.
Eg: Orkut. Face book.

Group Norms
Unspoken and often unwritten set of
informal rules that govern individual
behaviors in a group. Group norms
vary based on the group and issues
important to the group. Without
group norms, individuals would have
no understanding of how to act in
social situations.

Need for Group Norms

To facilitate survival of group.
To simplify and clarify role
expectations.
To help group members
To enhance group unique identity.
To check and regulate the behaviour
of group members.

GROUP DEVELOPMENT STAGES

Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning

Group cohesion
Group cohesiveness refers to the degree to
which group members form a strong
collective unit reflecting a feeling of oneness.
Factors that Increase Group Cohesiveness
Inter-group competition.
Personal attraction.
Favorable evaluation.
Agreement on Goals.
Interaction

Factors that decrease

Cohesiveness

Large group size.

Disagreement on goals.
Intra-group competition
Domination.
Unpleasant experiences

Relationship between Group

Cohesion and performance norms
and productivity.

Group Roles
Group Roles
The set of behaviors and tasks that a
group member is expected to perform
because of his or her position in the
group.

15-16

Task Roles in Groups

Initiating
Information Seeking
Information Sharing
Summarizing
Evaluating
Guiding

Relationship Roles in Groups

Harmonizing
Encouraging
Gatekeeping

Dysfunctional Roles in
Groups

Dominating
Blocking
Attacking
Distracting

Group nature and size

Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
SIZE:
Large
Small