INTRODUCTION

Greatest achievements in
public health over the past
two centuries.

Eradicated Smallpox, global

incidence of poliomyelitis
lowered to 99 %.

INTRODUCTION

Most

successful and cost-effective public

health interventions

Preventing infectious diseases and their

complications.

Achieved dramatic reduction of DpT and

MMRV related Mortality and Morbidity
@ 2 million child deaths saved + 600,000
Hep B related Cirrhosis/Cancer deaths

Helped

to acieve Millinium Development

Herd Immunity

INTRODUCTION
Process by person is made immune or
resistant to an infectious disease,
typically by the administration of a
vaccine
a. Active Immunization
b. Passive immunization

Rationale
Despite the success
Mortality and Morbidity due to vaccinepreventable diseases and low coverage in
many countries.
Available vaccine not used to their Fullest
Potential
Inaccessibility/inability
Under recognition of diseases burden
inability to introduce new vaccine & tech.
Financial considerations/Other challegnges and
barriers

Rationale
24 million children under 1 year
old, accounting for almost 20% of the
children born every year were not
reached currently available vaccines.
Among the developing countries, those in
South Asia

worst figures

Department

of Health in the Philippines

Vaccination

rates in children 9 to 11
months old against all 7 diseases
(tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis tetanus
poliomyelitis measles, hepatitis B)
included in the EPI of only 83% and 81%
in 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world

High Child mortality of 98/1,000

According to Demographic Health Survey 2011, total
immunization coverage is 86.6percent

Not Uniform throughout country

Not properly Documented
False figures(office based Documentation)
Research work In shadow
Nepalese administrators, government officials, and
health care providers do not have a basic understanding
of the indicators and determinants of the health of

 In Mahottari district only 57% of men and 37% women are

literate, compared to three quarters nationwide.
Religious beliefs
False reporting
This district is high-risk for polio shares a border with
India with current polio transmission; borders are open with
considerable population mobility
For example; According to UNICEF and district profile
measles vaccination coverage is 110% (2012), but
recently Outbreak of Measles in Mahottari district of
Nepal affects 400 children, found that among disease
affected children 80% was not vaccinated.

Office based Planning and Reporting(in Kathmandu)

Bharatpur-9,
no survey has been
No exact statics
several vaccine related disease has
been reported.
Children and parents are not getting
health service from available facilities
due to the lack of knowledge
regarding immunization and proper
guidance and not proper trained
health workers

So,
decided to conduct a study on the
Knowledge,
Attitude
and
Implementation of Expanded Program
in Immunization among parents and
health
workers
in
Bharatpur-9,
Mahottari, Nepal in order to come up
with an information material.
BY:
Singh Kushwaha, Rabindra K.

METHODS
Descriptive Research
Locale of the
Study

Bharatpur-9,
Mahottari, Nepal
Purposive
Sampling

Respondents

(Health Workers
and Mothers)

METHODS
Review of Related Literature

Questionnaires

Content validity

Reliability Testing

METHODS
Survey Questionnaires

I. Demographic Profile
II. Knowledge on Expanded
Program in Immunization

III. Practice on Expanded

Program in Immunization
IV. Implementation on
Expanded Program in
Immunization

Purpose
Benefits
Discomforts

Entirely
Voluntary

PROBLEM
1
PROBLEM
2
PROBLEM
3
PROBLEM
4

PROBLEM
5
PROBLEM
6
PROBLEM
7
PROBLEM
8

PROBLEM 1
What

is the demographic profile of the

parents and health workers as to;

Age;
Sex;
Civil Status;
Educational Attainment;
Religion;
Number of Children;
Occupation; and
Monthly Income

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Frequency
Count and
Percentage

PROBLEM 2
What

is the extent of knowledge

of the respondents on expanded
program in immunization as to:

Objectives;
Nature of vaccines;
Advantages and
Schedule?

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Mean
Percentage
Score

PROBLEM 3
What

is attitude of the
respondents on expanded
program in immunization?

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Average
Weighted
Mean

PROBLEM 4
4.

What is the extent of

implementation on expanded
program in immunization as
perceived respondents?

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Average
Weighted
Mean

PROBLEM 5
Is

there
a
significant
relationship
between
the
profile of the respondents and
their knowledge, attitude and
implementation on expanded
program in immunization?

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Spearman rho
Correlation

PROBLEM 6
Is

there
a
significant
difference
between
the
parents and health workers
knowledge,
attitude
and
implementation on expanded
program in immunization?

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Spearman rho
Correlation

PROBLEM 7
What

information material
can be proposed to enhance
the respondents knowledge,
attitude and implementation
on expanded program in
immunization?