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ENFERMEDADES
DESMIELINIZANTES
ESCLEROSIS MLTIPLES
Active multiple sclerosis lesion. A, Highly cellular lesion with sharp border. Numerous macrophages are present (Luxol fast
blue and PAS myelin stain). B, Axons are reduced in number or lost and form so-called axonal balloons (Bielschowskys silver
mpregnation). C, Dense perivascular infiltrate composed mainly of T cells (hematoxylin-eosin). D, Lesion is diffusely infiltrated
by large number of macrophages removing the myelin debris (Ki-M1P). E, Astrocytes are hypertrophic, with increased multiple
processes (glial fibrillary acidic protein). F, Hypertrophic astrocyte, so-called Creutzfeldt-Peters cell, with granular mitosis.
(From Lucchinetti CF, Parisi J, Bruck W. The pathology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin. 2005;23:77-105. Used with
permission.)
Chronic multiple sclerosis lesions. A, Gross specimen showing periventricular plaques (arrows) typical of multiple sclerosis. B,
Section through pons stained for myelin (Luxol fast blue and PAS myelin stain). Note numerous demyelinated lesions (arrows). C
and D, Remyelinated so-called shadow plaques are characterized by reduced staining intensity of myelin. Remyelination is either
restricted to the lesion edge (dotted lines in C, stained for MBP) or present throughout lesion (dotted line) (D, Luxol fast blue and
PAS myelin stain). (From Lucchinetti CF, Parisi J, Bruck W. The pathology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin. 2005;23:77-105.
Esclerosis Mltiple
a- Forma encfalomielopatica recurrente crnica
b- Esclerosis mltiple aguda
PREVALENCIA
< 1 por 100.000
reas ecuatoriales
6 a 14 por 100.000
30 a 80 por 100.000
4 por 100.000
San Pablo
SADOVNIK:
GENTICA
Se elimina:
Herencia autosmica recesiva (frcia de padres)
Herencia mitocondrial,(transmisin de varones a
mujeres)
Herencia dominante ligada a X (prop. de tos)
DR
DQ
Noreuropeos
DR2
Italianos
DR4
Japoneses y Mex
DRw6
DA
DQw1
EPIDEMIOLOGA
ETIOPATOGENIA
DESARROLLO DE UN OLIGODENDROCITO
Progenitora 0-2a
Preoligodendrocito
Oligodendroc
A2B5+
A2B+
A2B5-
GD3+
04+
04+
NSP-4+
Rmab+
GalC+
NG2+
GalC-
CNP+
Vimentina+
Vicentina-
MBP+MAG+
04+
PLP+
PDGF
bFGF
LGFs
IGF's
BARRERA HEMATOENCEFLICA
ESQUEMA DE LA MIELINA
COMPOSICIN DE LA MIELINA
LPIDOS (70% peso seco)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Colesterol
Cerebrsidos
Fosfatidilserina/fosfatidilcolina
Etanolamina
Fosfoglicridos
Esfingomielina
Ganglisidos
Inositidas
40%
20%
16%
13%
5%
4%
1%
0.5%
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PLP/lipofilina
Protena Bsica de Mielina (PBM)
Protena de Wolfgram
Glucoprotina relacionada con Mielina (MAG)
Glucoprotena de Mielina/oligodendrocito (MOG)
Otros
30%
25%
4%
1%
0.05%
40%
LOCI "CANDIDATOS"
Se busca un vnculo entre un alelo en un
susceptibilidad y la Esclerosis Mltiple
MHC
Receptor de clulas T (TcR),
Regiones constantes (C) de Inmunoglobulinas
Regiones variables (V) de Inmunoglobulinas
Loci de Complemento
Factor de necrosis tumoral aIfa (TNFalfa)
Protena Bsca de Mielina (MBP)
Iocus de
AUTOANTIGENOS CANDIDATOS EN E. M.
1. Protena Bsica de Mielina
2. Protena Proteolipdica
3. Glicoprotena asociada a la Mielina (MAG)
4. Glicoprotena OIigodendrocito-Mielina (MOG)
5. Protenas de Shock de Calor (HPS)
PATOGENIA
CLNICA
50%
18%
15%
9%
5.- Diplopa
5%
3%
LORY SCHNEIDER
50%
18%
15%
9%
5.- Diplopa
5%
3%
50%
18%
15%
9%
5.- Diplopa
5%
3%
NEURITIS PTICA
50%
18%
15%
9%
5.- Diplopa
5%
3%
ATAXIA
50%
18%
15%
9%
5.- Diplopa
5%
3%
FATIGA Y E.M.
FORMA RECURRENCIA-REMITENCIA
EM Recurrente Remitente
EM Progresiva Primaria
PROGRESIVA PRIMARIA
PROGRESIVA SECUNDARIA
EM Progresiva Secundaria
EM Progresiva Recurrente
DIAGNSTICO DE ESCLEROSIS
MLTIPLE
RMN
VARIOS
CADASIL
NEUROMIELITIS PTICA
CRITERIOS DE McDONALD
DISEMINACIN EN TIEMPO Y ESPACIO
LIQUIDO CEFALORRAQUDEO
Presin:
normal
Aspecto:
lmpido, incoloro
Glucosa:
normal
INDICE de IgG
En condiciones normales la IgG presente en el lquido cfalorraqudeo proviene de la sangre. De sta difunde a travs de la
barrera hematoenceflica hacia el SNC.En la Esclerosis Mltiple se produce una sntesis local de IgG.Para verificar el origen de la sntesis de novo de esta inmunoglobulina en el SNC se puede recurrir al clculo del siguiente ndice:
INDICE DE IgG =
????