TURBINE GOVERNING

SYSTEM

--Ranjan Das
Dy.Supdt.(operation)

GOVERNING SYSTEM
KWU TURBINE(BHEL)
*HYDRAULIC
*EHC
*Normally EHC kept in service,backed
Up with HYDRAULIC governor
*In case of any fault of EHC , HYDRAULIC
governor taken into service

FUNCTION OF GOVERNING
1)starting of turbine
2)Droop &load control
3)turbine protection
It has an online feature of ATT(automatic
turbine testing)for checking of healthiness
of governing protection devices

COMPONENTS OF GOVERNING SYSTEM

1)starting device & load limiting device

4)follow up piston
2)Auxiliary follow up piston
5)remote trip solenoid
3)Hydraulic converter
6)trip gear
7)over speed trip device(At bearing no-1-over speed bolts)
8)low vacuum trip device
9)thrust bearing device (At bearing no-2)
10)sequence trim device
11)load shedding relay

Oil :

source

1)control oil(CO)
2)trip oil(TO) CO
3)start up oil CO
4)aux start up oil
CO
5)hp sec oil TO
6)IP sec oil TO
7)primary oil Primary oil pump

Lub oil/FRF

FLOW DIAGRAM
CO

RTS

To reset all protective device

RTS

CO

SG

SD

Aux start up oil to reset trip valve

TO

STARTING OIL

TO

HP/IP stop valve reset

AUX TRIP OIL

AFUP

EHC INPUT

AUX SEC OIL

CO

HYD CONV

TRIP VALVE

Low vacuum trip device

CO

EHC
CONVERTER
O/S trip device

TO

FUP

TO
IP SEC OIL
HP SEC OIL

FUP
thrust bearing trip device

TURBINE PROTECTION
RTS,Trip valve involved in protection system

Two type of protection ------a)Electrical protection

b)Mechanical tripping
Electrical protection(through RTS)

Turbine UCB manual trip

Stator water conductivity >21 mho/sec
Stator water flow <13 cu.meter/sec
Boiler to turbine through UTR
Gen to turbine through UTR
Condenser vacuum low (220 mm of Hg)
Lub oil pressure low low <1.2 ksc(2/3)
Fire protection(channel 1&20
UTR manual trip
ATRS shut down programme

Mechanical tripping

Axial shift hi
Condenser vacuum low
TG overspend trip (bolt-1 3300 rpm,2-3330 rpm)
Main trip valve handle

protection
DEVICES INVOLVED
1)RTS(electrical protection)
2)TRIP VALVE
3) THURST BEARING TRIP DEVICE
4) OVERSPEED TRIP DEVICE
5) LOW VACUUM TRIP DEVICE
CO

CO

CO
RTS

RTS

TRIP VALVE

Trip oil
Aux trip oil
LOW VACUUM TRIP DEVICE

THURST BEARING
TRIP DEVICE

OVERSRTSPEED
TRIP DEVICE

TRIP VALVE

CO

AUX TRIP OIL

TRIP VALVE
STOP V/V
AUX. START UP
OIL(RESETTING)

TRIP OIL
AUX SEC OIL CKT/EHC CKT

HYD PROTECTION DEVICE

THURST BEARING TRIP DEVICE
OVERSPEED TRIP DEVICE
LOW VACUUM TRIP DEVICE

OPERATES ----AUX TRIP OIL DRAINS

RESULT------TRIP OIL DRAIN IN TRIP V/V
STOP VALVE CLOSED
HP/IP SEC OIL DRAINED
TURBINE TRIP

RESETTING----AUX START UP OIL(THURST BEARING TRIP DEVICE/ OVERSPEED TRIP DEVICE)

CONTROL OIL( LOW VACUUM TRIP DEVICE)

STARTING OF TURBINE
A)Resetting of stop valve/ trip valve/protection device
B)opening of stop valve/ control valve
1)STARING DEVICE/LOAD LIMITING DEVICE

Starting device 0%----startup/aux start up oil

stop valve/trip
valve/protection
device reset
Starting device 42%----stop valve open
Starting device 56%----IP valve open
Starting device> 56%----control valve ope

HOW STARTING DEVICE

OPERATES ?

HOW CONTROL VALVE

OPENS?
HP/IP sec oil opens control valve
Hydraulic
Aux sec oil act as signal oil
Aux sec oil prepared from trip oil through AFUP
HP/IP sec oil prepared by
hydraulic converter
Follow up piston

OPENING OF CONTROL
VALVE
HOW AUX START OIL IS PREPARED ?
HOW HYD. CONVERTOR/FUP WORK?

HOW CONTROL VALVE

OPENS ?
EHC
EHC input act as signal for HP/IP sec oil
HP/IP sec oil prepared through EHC converter/follow up
piston(separate for EHC)
HOW HP/IP SEC OIL PREPARED IN EHC?

SELECTION OF HYDRAULIC
& EHC

MINIMUM SELECTION OF
HYDRAULIC
& EHC

OPENING OF STOP VALVES

CONSTRUCTION OF STOP VALVE

HOW STOP VALVE RESETS?
HOW STOP VALVE OPENS?

LOAD CONTROL/DROOP
(LOAD LIMITING DEVICE)
LOAD CONTROL/DROOP
CHANGING OPENING OF CONTOL VALVE
CONTROL VALVE OPENING CHANGES OF HP/IP SEC OIL
PRESSURE
HP/IP SEC OIL PR CHANGES DUE TO CHANGE IN PR OF AUX
SEC OIL (HYDRAULIC) & EHC INPUT SIGNAL (EHC )

HOW AUX SEC OIL PR CHANGES?

LOAD LIMITING DEVICES

Aux sec oil pr can be changed by
Changing starting device
Changing speeder gear(changing spring tension)
Changing primary oil

DROOP
CHANGE OF LOAD DUE TO FREQUENCY
PRIMARY OIL ACT AS DROOP AGENT FOR
HYDRAULIC
IN EHC INTERNAL/EXTERNAL DROOP
EHC INTERNAL DROOP-STARTS AT 50.5 HZ.M/C
COMPLETELY UNLAOD IN 4 HZ
EHC EXTERNAL DROOP(LOADING/UNLOADING)50 MW/HZ,LIMITER 5% OF LOAD (10/25 MW)

Sequence trimming device

Function to prevent Hp turbine churning
When CRH pr>32 ksc & load <20% it
operates
It is connected to FUP of IP control valve
IPCV will close leading to more opening of
HPCV

LOADV SHEEDING RELAY

To prevent over speeding
It is connected to aux sec oil & IPCV sec oil
line
HPCV closed due to draining of aux sec oil
IPCV closed due to draining of IPCV sec
oil

EHC INPUT (FOR OPENING OF CONTROL VALVES)

Three types of EHC control
1)speed control
2)load control
3)pressure control
In each control set point is provided.based on measured feedback error signal
is generated which acts as EHC input which produces HP/IP sec. Oil through
EHC converter & its corresponding follow up piston
SPEED CONTROL

NR

NRTD/NRLIM

ERROR SIGNAL

NACT
Speed control before syn. (barring speed to 3000 rpm).100% load can be achieved but
normal practice 10% load
NR given in UCB desk/auto synchronoscope /SGC turbine
NR changes at the rate of 2160 rpm/min upto 2820,360 rpm/min after 2820 rpm
When turbine trips NR follows actual speed by 120 rpm,after synchronization when load
controller takes over NR tracks actual speed (more than actual speed by 15 rpm) in frequency
range of 2940 to 3060 rpm.

SPEED CONTROL
NRTD/NRLIM is coming through which determines acceleration rate
Speed control has DN/DT feature .in critical speed range (700 2850 rpm) if DN/DT <100 rpm/min
speed will come to barring speed
Actual speed measured by hall probes
LOAD CONTROL

Frequency influence
PR

load
gradient

PRTD

TSE
10 V
margin

PRf

PR
PRMAX

PID

Error
signalx

Pact

PR can be manually set or can be given by CMC

Load gradient can be set by UCB operator.If it is off then it is max 60 MW/min
TSE margin 60 MW/25 K,if TSE is off PRTD get blocked.PRTD will come to zero when a)load controller
off b)gen. Breaker is open
M/c will come to isolated grid if frequency>3024 rpm & PR Pact>10% of load it will be in
proportional control from PID control
Max of speed & load control is selected

PRESSURE CONTROL
Initial pressure mode
Limit pressure mode (M/C will come to load control)
Throttle pressure (pressure before control valve) set at
UCB
Based on actual throttle pressure measurement error signal
is generated .
MIN of load & pressure control is selected.