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Presented By
Viswanathan.T.B
SD 1408
Course Faculty
Prof.V.R.Shah
FACULTY
OF
TECHNOLOGY
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF SHEAR WALLS
BEHAVIOUR UNDER SEISMIC LOADING
LATERAL LOAD RESISTING SYSTEMS
COMPARISON WITH SHEAR WALL AND MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES
CAPACITY DESIGN OF CANTILEVER WALL SYSTEM
CASE STUDY
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR TYPE WALL
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Shear Wall
Shear wall represent the most efficient structural element to take lateral force acting
INTRODUCTION
Initially shear walls are used in reinforced concrete building to resist wind force.
Earlier ,tall building were made only for steel as bracings to take lateral wind loads
could be easily provide in steel construction. However science resent observation
have consistently shown the excellent performance of building with shear wall even
under seismic force, such walls are now extensively used for all earthquake
resistance design.
The most important property of shear walls for seismic design ,as different from
design for wind ,is that it should have good ductility under reversible and repeated
overloads. Besides they impart lateral stiffness to the system and also carry the
gravity load.
INTRODUCTION
For building over 20 stories, shear walls may become imperative from the point of
structural walls does not affect its own stiffness relative to the other walls
horizontal shear along its length, are subjected to bending and shear.
Barbell type of wall are formed when a wall is provide monolithically between two
column. The columns at the two ends are then called the boundary elements.
The barbell type walls are stronger and more ductile than the simple rectangular type of
uniform section. Also they never fail in shear but only by yielding of steel in bending.
One of the disadvantage of this type of shear walls is that as these walls are rigid during
an earthquake they attract and dissipate a lot of energy by cracking, which is difficult to
repair.
stiffness of the resultant wall increases; in addition the structure can dissipate most
of the energy by yielding the coupling beams with no structural damage to the main
walls. It is easy repair these coupling beams than walls. These walls should satisfy
the following two requirements:
The system should develop hinges only in the coupling beam before shear
failure
Framed walls are cast monolithically, whereas in filled frames are constructed by
casting frames first and infilling it with masonry or concrete block later.
COLUMN SUPPORTED SHEAR WALLS
For architectural reasons to discontinue shear walls at floor level the wall to carry by
widely spaced column. In such column supported shear wall, the discontinuity in
geometry that level should be specially taken care of in the design
CORE TYPE SHEAR WALLS
In some building ,the elevators and other service areas can be grouped in a
vertical core which may serve as device to withstand lateral loads.
Squat structural walls with a ratio of height to length of less than 2 or 3 find wide
application in seismic force resistance of low-rise building. In this walls in which
deflection and strength are controlled by shear.
SLENDER WALL
Slender wall usually have a height to length ratio is grater than 2. They behaves
like a vertical slender cantilever beam.
ORDINARY-MOMENT SHEAR WALLS
Ordinary moment shear walls in which deflection and strength are controlled by
flexure. These are usually high rise shear walls to resist high wind and cyclones.
Ductile moment shear walls are special walls meant for seismic region and which
have good energy dissipation characteristics under reversal loads.
DUAL SYSTEMS
can be neglected . Flexure strength usually governs the design of such wall .They are
usually subjected to low nominal shear stress. They develop a predominantly horizontal
crack pattern in the lower hinging region after a few cycle of inelastic deformation
Squat wall show significant amount of shear deformation as compared to bending
deformation. Shear strength usually governs the design of such walls. They are usually
subjected to high nominal shear stress. They develop inclined cracks in the web that
form a diagonal compression strut system for each direction of loading.
shaft . When design for wind loading the location of the wall with in the building plan
does not play an important role. Incase of seismic loading ,however ,wall location
are a critical factor .Under wind loading a fully elastic response is expected ,while
during strong earthquake significant in elastic deformation are anticipated .
A wall configuration which has very little eccentricity between the centre of building
NUMBER OF STORIES
OFFICE BUILDING
Frame
Shear wall(egg crate)
up to 15
Frames
Single framed tube
Tube in-tube and
Bundled tubes
APPART MENT
BUILDINGS ,HOTELS,ETC
up to 20
up to 150
up to 40
up to 40
up to 50
up to 70
up to 60
up to 80
up to 100
TABLE 10-2 MARK FINTEL
SHEAR WALLFRAME
SHEAR WALLFRAME
SHEAR WALLFRAME
SHEAR WALLFRAME
the floors
Checking of the configuration of walls in elevation
A review of foundation condition to ensure that overturning moments ,particularly
cantilever systems
From the total gravity loads over the entire plan of the building the participating weights
percentage of
floor loads(KN/m)
Imposed load
25
3<
50
The lateral force can be distributed in proportion to wall stiffness. In this the design eccentricities
are determined, using appropriate load factors and critical design quantities with
respect to each possible direction of earthquake attack are found.
limit state design As per IS 1893(PART 1):2002 clause 6.3.1.2 following load
combinations are used
1, 1.5(DL+IL)
2, 1.2(DL+ILEL)
3, 1.5(DLEL)
4, 0.9DL1.5EL
at the base .
Checking that limits of reinforcement content, bar size, and spacing .
Where the extreme fiber compressive stress in the wall due to combined stress in
the wall due to combined axial load and bending is greater than 0.2fck ,boundary
elements shall be provide along the vertical boundaries of wall. The boundary
element may be discontinued where the calculated compressive stress becomes
less than 0.15 fck
The minimum vertical reinforcement ratio shall be 0.0025 of the gross area
CASE STUDY
A G+9 storied commercial building located in Ahmedabad. The lateral load resisting system is Ductile shear wall
with SMRF. The building is supported on 1m thick raft foundation .for analyzing seismic load calculation take zone 3.
Total height of building 30m
Height between each floor is 3m
Width of the building 15m
Length of the building 15m
The size of beam is 200X600
The thickness of slab is 200mm
The thickness of shear wall is 200mm
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
LOADS
DEAD LOAD
Self weight of slab
SDL of the slab is1.5km/m2
Self weight of beam
200mm thk shear wall load
200 mm thk wall load on periphery of the building in each floor
1m height 200 mm thk parapet load on periphery of the building in roof only
LIVE LOAD
Live load is taken in as 3KN/m2
LOADS
DEAD LOAD
Wt. of slab in each floor
Wt. of beam in each floor
Wt. of shear wall in each floor
wall at periphery
Parapet on roof
Total dead load in the building
LIVE LOAD
Live load on each floor
Total live load
=(15X15)(.15X25)(1.5)
=1181.25KN
= (.2X.6X25)86
= 258KN
= (.2X3X25)34
= 510KN
=((.2x20)+1)2.5X34
= 425KN
=((.2x20)+1)1.0X60
=300KN
=26385KN
= (15X15)x3
=168.75KN
=6750KN
SEISMIC LOAD
Zone factor(Z) = 0.16 for Zone 3
Response reduction factor (R)= 5 for (SMRF)
Importance factor(I) = 1.5
Base dimension along X dir dx = 15m
Base dimension along Z dir dz = 15m
Total height of building = 30m
Time period along x dir(T) = .09h/d
=.697sec
Base dimension along Z dir dz = 15m
Total height of building = 30m
Time period along x dir(T) = .09h/d
=.697sec
Time period along z dir(T) = .09h/d
=.697sec
SEISMIC LOAD
Sa/g in the x and y direction
damping is 5% for RCC building
Type of soil Medium soil
Sa/g = 1.95
BASE SHEAR(Vb)
Vb=AhW
W= Seismic weight of the building
Ah=Design horizontal seismic coefficient
Ah= ZISa/2Rg
=(.16X1X1.95)/(2x5)
=.0312
SEISMIC WEIGHTS
DEAD LAOD
Wt. of slab in each floor
Wt. of beam in each floor
Wt. of shear wall in each floor
Taking shear wall with each floor
Wall at periphery
Parapet on roof
=(15X15)((.2X25)+(1.5))
=1462.5KN
= (.2X.6X25)86
= 258KN
= (.2X3X25)34
= 510KN
=255KN
=((.2x20)+1)2.5X34
= 425KN
=((.2x20)+1)1.0X60
=300KN
SEISMIC WEIGHTS
LIVE LOAD
Up to class 3KN/m2,we take 25% of the load
Live load on floor
= (15X15)(3X.25)
=168.75KN
Total gravity load on roof
=1462.5+258+255+212.5+300
=2488KN
Total gravity load per floor
=1462.5+258+510+425+168.75
=2824KN
BASE SHEAR(Vb)
=AhxW
=.0312x(9x2824+2448)
=870KN
excel
182KN
346KN
492KN
619KN
728KN
819KN
898KN
947KN
983KN
STOREY SHEAR IN EACH FLOOR
1001KN
185KN
351KN
500KN
629KN
740KN
832KN
906KN
962KN
999KN
19KN
EQY IN EACH FLOOR
1017KN
=4000mm
Grade of concrete =25N/mm2
Grade of steel=415N/mm2
Loading
DL+LL
3740
500
100
EQ X
271
5693
690
1.2(DL+LL+EQX)
4813
9200
950
Xu/Iw Xu*/Iw
Muv/fck*tw*Iw=[(1+/)(-0.416Xu/Iw)-(Xu/Iw)(0.168+/3)
Where;
Xu/lw=(+/2+0.36)
Xu*/Iw=(0.0035/0.0035+0.87fy/Es)
=(0.87fyp/fck)
=(Pu/fck*tw*Iw)
p=Ast/(tw*Iw)=Asv/tw*Sv
=.87fy/(.0035Es)
Es=200000N/mm2
=8767KNm
The remaining moment Mu-Muv=9200-8767=433KNm shall be resisted by reinforcement in
boundary element
CONCLUSION
The torsional effects in a building can be minimized by proper location of vertical
resisting elements and mass distribution. Shear walls should be employed for
increasing stiffness where necessary and be uniformly distributed in both principal
direction
Multi storied RCC building shear walls are now fast becoming as popular as an
REFERENCES
Seismic design of RCC and Masonry building ,T.Pauly M.J.N . Priesley
Hand book of concrete engineering ,Mark Fintel
Medhekar ,M.S and Jain.S.K, Seismic Design and Detailing of RC Shear
force, 1993
IS 456(2000) Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete