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The Paleolithic period, or Old Stone Age, was the longest phase of human history. Its most
outstanding feature was the development of the human species-- Homo sapiens. Paleolithic
peoples were generally nomadic hunters and gatherers who sheltered in caves, used fire, and
fashioned stone tools. Their cultures are identified by distinctive stone-tool industries. By the Upper
Paleolithic there is evidence of communal hunting, constructed shelters, and belief systems
centering on magic and the supernatural. Rock carving and paintings reached their peak in the
Magdalenian culture of Cro-Magnon man.
The Mesolithic period, or Middle Stone Age, began at the end of the last glacial era, over 10,000
years ago. Cultures included gradual domestication of plants and animals, formation of settled
communities, use of the bow, and development of delicate stone microliths and pottery.
The time periods and cultural content of the Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, vary with
geographic location. The earliest known Neolithic culture developed from the Natufian in
Southwestern Asia between 9000 and 7000 BCE. People lived in settled villages, cultivated grains
and domesticated animals, developed pottery,spinning, and weaving, and evolved into the urban
civilizations of the Bronze Age. In Southeast Asia a distinct type of Neolithic culture cultivated rice
before 2000 BCE.. New World peoples independently domesticated plants and animals, and by
1500 BCE Neolithic cultures existed in Mesoamerica that led to the Aztec and Inca civilizations.
Making generalizations about the visual culture of any group of people is a crude endeavor,
especially with a culture as diverse as that of the Stone Age. With this thought in mind, know that
this survey, as any must be, is tremendously limited in its breadth and depth.
http://www.eyeconart.net/history/ancient/prehistoric.htm
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/
Best known from the plains of the Ukraine, as well as Poland and the
Czech Republic, some houses are as ancient as 27,500 years ago
(about the same time as mammoths were being trapped in the Hot
Springs sinkhole)! In the Ukraine, most of the mammoth bone
houses have been dated at between 12,000 and 19,000 years ago
Skara Brae
Scotland
3200 BC and 2200 BCE
Cycladic
Harpist Player
Aegean Art, c.
2800-2300 BC.
http://www.accd.edu/sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Neolith1.htm
Saharan
Neolithic
paintings
seem to
come to
life in
usual
scenes of
Eritrean
pastoral
life
Statuette
(mother
Alabaster
goddess?)
Male figurine,
statuette from
from 'Ain
clay. From the
the Samarran
Ghazal
Samarran site
site, c.6000
(Jordan).
(northern
bce. Eyes
Reeds coated
Iraq), c.6000
inlaid with
with plaster
bce.
bitumin.
and decorated
with red paint
and bitumin
Paradimi.
Neolithic vase
from Paradimi.
Clay, onehandled jug with
biconical body
and tall neck.
Dated to ca.
4.000 B.C.
Sub-Neolithic
Bowl, Dimini,
Thessaly.
3000 BC.
Polished Red
Bowl.
Neolithic.
Sesklo Culture,
Thessaly. 3000
BC.
Catalhoyuk, near the modern city of Konya. is the first planned urban development
in the world dating back to 7,000 B.C. and covering an area of 32 acres. Each
house shared common walls with its neighbors and its entrance was on the roof.
The walls, made out of mud-brick and presenting a solid, windowless aspect
wherever they faced the citys outside, formed an effective, continuous defensive
rampart. Inside, the house walls were covered with paintings that depicted rich
scenes of nature and wildlife. Painted relief sculptures, especially in the form of the
Mother Goddess, were popular. Her popularity pointed to a possibly matriarchal
society.
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