DEVELOPMENT OF SALALAH

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PROJECT

MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
BASED ON
BS CODE (GENERAL)
&
UBC-1997 (SEISMIC)
BY
J. SATYANARAYANA
N. SAMBASIVA RAO

AGENDA
Introduction

Salient structural design parameters Salalah

Airport Buildings
Procedure

for Modeling, Analysis and Design

General
Load combinations (BS & UBC-97)
UBC-97 Seismic analysis requirements
Influence of Seismic Ductile detailing requirements
in Analysis & Design
Procedure

for Modeling and Analysis to design the

elements supporting discontinuous system (UBC-97)

SALIENT DESIGN PARAMETERS SALALAH

AIRPORT BUILDINGS

Grade of concrete = C40 / C50

Grade of steel Fy460
Clear cover to reinforcement = 50mm/60mm
Limit to crack width =0.25mm.
Youngs modulus of concrete = 5500(fcu / m)
N/mm2
(fig 2.1, BS8110-1:1997)
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 26 kN/m 3
Wind

loads
Maximum of loads obtained from BS 6399-2: 1997
(Basic wind speed = 28m/sec) or loads derived from
Wind Tunnel test
UBC 1997 (Earthquake)
Seismic Zone= 1 (Client specific)
Intermediate moment resistance frame (IMRF)

SALIENT DESIGN PARAMETERS SALALAH

AIRPORT BUILDINGS
Section property for seismic
analysis

Detailing (Client
specific)

PROCEDURE FOR MODELING AND ANALYSIS

- GENERAL

MODELING & ANALYSIS

MODEL 1
Develop Geometry,
Material properties,
End conditions and
Support conditions
Assign gross concrete
section property
No area diaphragm for
all floors
Basic Load Cases
DL, LL, WL, TL
ULS & SLS load
combinations

MODEL - 2
Develop Geometry,
Material properties, End
conditions and Support
conditions
Assign cracked concrete
section property
Area diaphragm for all
floors
Basic Load Cases
DL, LL, EQ
ALS combinations
- General
combinations
- Additional
combinations

PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN - GENERAL

DESIGN

MODEL 1
MODEL - 2
Strength Design
Strength Design
ULS Combinations ALS Combinations
Serviceability
Serviceability Design
Design (Crack width (Drift)
& Deflection)
SLS Combinations ALS combinations
without amplication
factor required based
on maximum static
base shear

LOAD COMBINATIONS

Ultimate Limit State ULS Combinations

Service Limit State SLS Combinations

Accidental Limit State ALS (Seismic)

Combinations

ULS COMBINATIONS

As per BS 8110-1:1997, Clause 2.4.3.1.1

1) 1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.2EW 1.2TL
2) 1.0DL + 1.6LL + 1.2EW (Beneficial)
3) 1.4DL 1.4WL + 1.2EW (MHL cl 3.1.4.2)
4) 1.0DL 1.4WL + 1.2EW (Beneficial & MHL)
5) 1.2DL + 1.2LL 1.2WL + 1.2EW (MHL)
MHL Minimum lateral load due to
robustness clause. i.e 1.5% of dead of the
against WL
structure
DL- Dead Load

LL Live Load

WL Wind Load

EW- Earth Load

TL Temperature Load

SLS COMBINATIONS

As per BS 8110-2:1985, Clause 3.3

1.0DL

+ 1.0LL + 1.0EW 1.0TL

1.0DL

+ 1.0WL + 1.0EW 1.0TL

1.0DL

+ 1.0LL 1.0WL + 1.0EW 1.0TL

ALS COMBINATIONS
As per UBC-1997, section1612.2, seismic load
combinations
1)

1.2DL 1.0E + f1L

2)

0.9D 1.0E

Where E = Eh + Ev,

Ev = 0.5CaID (section

1630.1.1)
As per Exception 2 of section 1612.2, the factor
shall be multiplied by 1.1
Final form of ALS load combinations are as follows
)(1.32+0.55CaI)DL

+ 1.1f1L 1.1f Eh

UBC SEISMIC ANALYSIS REQUIREMENT

Seismic

Load E = Eh + Ev Clause 1630.1.1

Reliability / Redundancy Factor

For Zone 0, 1 and 2
Eh The earthquake load due to the base
shear V, as mentioned in section 1630.2
Ev Due to vertical components of the EQ
ground motion, Ev = 0.5CaID
Modeling

and Design Requirement section

1630.1.2 & 1910.10.2
Stiffness properties of reinforcement
concrete and masonry elements shall consider
the effects of cracked section

UBC SEISMIC ANALYSIS REQUIREMENT

As per Clause 1910.10.2, following properties
have been used to respect the cracked section
Modulus of Elasticity = Ec
Moment of Inertia
Beams
0.35 Ig
Column
0.70 Ig
Walls
0.35 Ig
Flat Slabs & Plates 0.25 Ig
Ig Gross moment of inertia of concrete
section
Area 1.0 Ag

STATIC FORCE PROCEDURE

Design

base shear
Max base Shear (in zone to to ts)
Min

base shear at (T=0)

Value of T is obtained in two methods (section
1630.2.2)

Method A

T is fundamental period
Ct is coefficient
hn is height above base to roof

STATIC FORCE PROCEDURE

Method B
The fundamental time period Tm may be
calculated using properly substantiated analysis
model. The value of Tm shall not exceed a value
30% grater than the value of T obtained from
Method A in Zone 4, and 40% in Zone 1,2 and 3.
Tm < 1.3 T for Zone 4
Tm < 1.4T for Zone 1, 2 & 3
T is fundamental period obtained from Method
A

RESPONSE SPECTRUM
T0

Ts

Design Response
Spectra
:Figco-efficient
16-3, UBC 1997
Cv Velocity
seismic
I
Importance factor
Ca Acceleration seismic coefficient
hn height of the structure from

DRIFT / DISPLACEMENT CALCULATION

1630.9
Modeling

required as per 1630.1.2 (cracked

sections)
ALS

Combination as per 1612.2

Maximum

inelastic response displaced

m = 0.7R. s
No need to amplify model base shear to ensure
static base shear as per Section1630.10.3
R response reduction factor
s Design level response displacement as
per ALS
combination
m < 0.025 x story height, if T < 0.7sec

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DUCTILE

DETAILING
Section 1921.8.3- Requirements for IMRF
structures
The design shear strength of beams, columns and twoway slabs resisting EQ effects shall not be less than
either
The sum of the shear associated with development
of nominal moment strengths of the member at each
restrained end of the clear span and the shear
calculated for gravity loads
(or)
The maximum shear obtained from design load
combinations which include earthquake effect E,
with E assumed to be twice that prescribed in
Section1626 (UBC-1997)

PROCEDURE FOR MODELING AND ANALYSIS TO

DESIGN ELEMENTS SUPPORTING DISCONTINUOUS
SYSTEM - (FLOATING COLUMN)

DESIGN

MODELING
AND ANALYSIS

MODEL 3
Elements supporting discontinuous systems shall
be designed for special seismic load combinations
From Model-2 analysis get story shears in all
floors above the discontinuous elements.
Increase story shears (1.8 times) and apply in
all floor diaphragms supported by
discontinuous elements.
Create special seismic load combinations.
Analyze the Model-3.
Design the surrounding elements supporting
discontinuous system (ex- floating column) up
to the foundation level for Model-1, Model-2
and Model-3 critical load combination forces
and moments.

PROCEDURE FOR MODELING AND ANALYSIS TO

DESIGN ELEMENTS SUPPORTING DISCONTINUOUS
SYSTEM - (FLOATING COLUMN)

Discontinuo
us Element
(Floating
column)

Supporting
Elements (Beams,
columns and
foundation)

Structural System supporting

Discontinuous Elements

UBC-1997, Cl.1630.8.2

Elements

supporting discontinuous system (exfloating column)

The structure system supporting discontinuous
system, shall be designed to resist the
combination loads resulting from special
seismic load combination in section 1612.4
1.2DL + f1L + 1.0Em
0.9 DL 1.0Em
Em the estimated maximum earthquake
force
Em = 0 Eh (0 =2.8) Section 1630.1.1
0 as per Table 16-N

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF PASSENGER TERMINAL

BUILDING

3D VIEW of PTB (BIM MODEL)

PART 3D VIEW of PTB (BIM MODEL)

THANK YOU