SEQUENCE OF TENSES

OLEH :
Hanas Wibisono
100431401725
Riza Meilia Anggraeni 100431401742
Heni Widiya Sari 100431401750
Wisnu Oki Minarta
100431406688
Ainun Nadhirotul Isnaini
100431406691

INTRODUCTION
Sequence : rangkaian, urutan
Sequence of tenses :
rangkaian/urutan tenses dimana
suatu kejadian ada atau terjadi
tergantung dari hubungannya
dengan moment of speaking.

Example:
I bought a new coat today.
Depend on the speaker, the purchase
is in past in his mind. So, he use past
tense buy bought
sequence of tenses is customary used
to indicate a logical sequence in
describing and relating activities.

Example:
(this sentence is not logical)
I went to town yesterday, and I buy a
new coat.
I went to town yesterday, and I
bought a new coat (this sentence is
logical)
The first sentence is not logical
because the purchase is in the past,
so we use past verb.

But, in this sentence:

I went to town yesterday, but I am
going to stay home today
This sentence is logical because the
change involves tenses from past to
a future activity.
Also:
Ill wait until he comes
This sequence is customary used
when a clause expressing time
modifies a verb expressing future
activity.

A. SEQUENCE IN CLAUSES THAT MODIFIY VERBS

1. Sequence with the simple

present in the main clause
Example:
The secretary always leaves as soon
as her boss goes home
I usually read the newspaper while I
am waiting for the bus.
He never goes home before he has
finished his work

2. Sequence with the simple past in the

main clause:
He

sat there until the telephone rang

(sat and rang menunjukkan kegiatan lampau)
The telephone rang while he was sitting
there
(rang
past activities, was sitting
menekankan kegiatan yang ada pada induk
kalimat)
He left after he had finished the experiment
(left
past activities, had finished
menunjukkan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan
sebelum past activities)

3. Sequence with the past progressive in the main

clause:

They

were still waiting when I got

there
(were waiting menunjukkan kegiatan yang
berlangsung ketika lampau yang ditunjukkan
dengan kegiatan lampau got)

John

was still going to school

while his brother was becoming a
successful lawyer.

(was going and was becoming menunjukkan

kegiatan yang berlangsung sebagai akibat dari
POT pada waktu lampau)

4. Sequence with future in the main

clause
Well

stay here until the rain lets up a bit

(will stay menunjukkan aktifitas yang akan berlangsung

sampai aktifitas yang akan datang lets up)

Im

going to wait until John has finished

his coffee

(am going to wait menunjukkan yang akan berlangsung

hingga penyelesaian kegiatan pada waktu akan
datang has finished)

Ill

think it over while Im having lunch

(will think menujukkan aktifitas yang akan berlangsung

selama kegiatan yang berlangsung pada waktu akan
datang am having)

5. Sequence with the present

perfect in the main clause
Present perfect pada induk kalimat
menujukkankegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu
lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini
dan kemungkinan sampai masa yang akan
datang.
Example:
I have felt much better since I have been here.
(have felt and have been keduanya menunjukkan kegiatan
yang dimulai ketika lampau dan mungkin akan masih
berlangsung sampai waktu yang akan datang)
Other example:
I have learned a lot since I have been attending night
school.

He

has played the trumpet since he

was a child.

(has played menunjukkan aktifitas yanf dilakukan

waktu lampau dan telah berlangsung dari POT
dimasa lalu yang ditunjukkan dengan since he was
child)

He

has worked very hard so that he

will be able to finish his thesis by June.

(has worked menunjukkan kegiatan yang dimulai dari

masa lampau dengan tujuan untuk meraih kegiatan
dimasa yang akan datang ditunjukkan dengan will
be able to finish)

6. Sequence with the past perfect or

the future perfect in the main clause
Past perfect biasanya digunakan hanya untuk
Past perfect biasanya digunakan hanya untuk
kegiatan lampau lainnya atau POT lampau.
kegiatan lampau lainnya atau POT lampau.
Future perfect hanya untuk hubungan dengan
Future perfect hanya untuk hubungan dengan
present atau future lainnya.
present atau future lainnya.
Example:
Example:
We had just come in when you called
We had just come in when you called
(had come menunjukkan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum
(had come menunjukkan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum
called)
called)

Well have already gone before you get back

Well have already gone before you get back
(will have gone menunjukkann kegiatan yang akan
(will have gone menunjukkann kegiatan yang akan
terselesaikan sebelum kegiatan yang kedua)
terselesaikan sebelum kegiatan yang kedua)

B. Sequence in clauses modify nouns

Sequence in sentences with clauses that modify nouns may
involve very different concept of time in the main of the
speaker and still be logical. These clause modify nouns and
are not necesssarily related to the activity expressed by the
verb in the main clause.
Example:
The Carlo (that) I know is from colombia
The letter (that) I received yesterday is on my desk
Yesterday I met the man who is going to speak next
He puts the letters (that) he has answered in this folder
She has already telephoned the people who are coming
tomorrow
That is about the best book (that) I have ever read

C. Sequence in clause that function as

noun
1. Jika verb di induk kalimat berupa simple present,
present progressive, atau present perfect, maka
verb dalam anak kalimat mungkin menyatakan kegiatan
past, present atau future.
Example:
He says (that) he comes here often
She knows (that) you arrived yesterday
He thinks (that) Victor will be late
In other words, you are saying (that) you agree with me
You have already told me (taht) you are going to quit
your job

2. Jika verb yang digunakan dalam induk kalimat

merupakan simple past, past progressive,
atau past perfect, maka verb yang digunakan
dalam anak kalimat biasanya adalah past tense
Example:
He knew (that) you were in town
He said (that) he would be here tomorrow
Menunjukkan future
activities

He had thought (that) he might arrive next week

Menunjukkan kemungkinan future
activity
believed (that)
his friend had

He
forgotten him
The doctor was saying just yesterday (that) she
would get well

3. Jika verb pada noun clause

menunjukkan fakta atau
kegiatan yang permanen,
biasanya menggunakan simple
present.
Example:
The professor said (that) Persian
belongs to the Indo-European group
of languages