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Norlida Azila binti Hussin

Chapter 2

Cell Structure and Cell Organisation


2.1 Cell Structure and Function

Cellular components of animal and


plant cells
Comparison between animal and
plant cells.
The density of organelles in specific
cells.
Animal cell
Plant cell
Cellular component function

Fill in the Cell membrane


blank. Read Cell wall
the text book
Cytoplasm
& then answer
this question. Nucleus

Vacuole

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Centriole

Chloroplast
Cell membrane
• General term-membrane found inside the cell
• Plasma membrane-encloses the content of a cell
• Consist proteins and phospholipids
• Form a boundary
• Semi-permeable
• Act as selective barrier-regulate substance
movements
Cell wall
• Rigid outer layer-encloses whole plant cell
• Composed of cellulose
• Permeable-tiny pores
• Give shape, mechanical support & protect
plant cell from rupturing due to the
excessive intake of water
Cytoplasm
• Between nucleus and plasma membrane
• Consist of jelly-like matrix-organelles
suspended
• Contain organic & inorganic substances &
acts as medium for biochemical reaction
• Provide substances obtained from
external environment to the organelles.
Nucleus
• Largest, spherical or oval
• Contain chromosomes, nucleoplasm & nucleolus
• Double-layered membrane
• Control centre
• Chromosomes-genetic information-characteristic
& function
Vacuole
• A large sac containing cell sap &
surrounded by tonoplast
• Found in plants
• Contractile vacuole-regulate water content
in freshwater microorganism
• Storage place-sugars, amino acids,
pigment, waste product etc
• Support herbaceous plants-not wilt easily
Mitochondria
• Cellular respiration-energy in form ATP
(adenosine triphosphates)
Ribosome
• Attach to surface of rough ER
• Consist ribonucleic acid (RNA) & protein
• Synthesis protein occur here-information carried
by chromosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
• Rough ER-ribosome-transport protein
• Smooth ER-site metabolic reaction incl.
synthesis of lipid & detoxification of drugs &
poisons.
Golgi apparatus
(refer textbook)
Lysosomes
• Refer to textbook.
Chloroplast
Outer & inner membrane
Grana contain chlorophyll pigment-trap light
E-photosyntesis
Site of photosyntesis
Found in palisade cells, spongy mesophyll
cells and guard cells
Animal cells vs plant cells

refer to Activity 2.2


page 20
The density of organelles in specific
cells
• The abundance of organelles present in a
cell varies depending on the type of cells
and their functions.
• Refer Activity 2.3 page 21
Activity 2.2
• Similarities-have nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma
membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrian,
endoplasmic reticulum
• Differences
• Irregular in shape—often regular in shape
• Absent-present
• No large vacuole/if present: small, numberous &
scattered-large filled with cell sap
• No chloroplast- chloroplast containing
chlorophyll are present in photosynthetic cells
• Form glycogen-form starch
Activity 2.3
1. Mitochondria
2. Mitochondria
3. Divide actively to produce new cells
4. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus(secrete
polysaccharides for formation of new cell
walls)
5. To carried out photosynthesis
6. Chloroplast
Presentation
• Mind mapping
• Topic: living process in Amoeba sp.
–Structure group
–Movement 1
–Feeding 2
–Reproductive 3
–Respiration 4
Cell specialisation in multicellular organism --5

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