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COVALENT
MOLECULES
9.2
NAMING MOLECULES
Binary molecular compound
Covalently bonded compound containing only two
different elements
Composed of 2 different nonmetals
No ions or metals
NAMING BINARY MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS
1. Name the 1st element first using complete name.
2. Name the 2nd element using the root of the
element and adding the suffix –ide
3. Prefixes are used to indicate the number of
atoms that are present in the compound
1. Exception: first element in formula never uses
mono-
4. Hydrogen bonded to 7A halogens (drop mono)
PREFIXES Nonmetal roots
H - hyd
1 - mon(o)
C - carb
2 - di
N - nitr
3 - tri
P - phosph
4 - tetr(a)
As - arsen
5 - pent(a)
O - ox
6 - hex(a)
S - sulf
7 - hept(a)
Se - selen
8 - oct(a)
F - fluor
9 - non(a)
Cl - chlor
10 - dec(a)
Br - brom
I - iod
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
1. CO 1. Carbon monoxide
2. P2O5 2. Diphosphorus pentoxide
3. CCl4 3. Carbon tetrachloride
4. As2O3 4. Diarsenic trioxide
5. NF3 5. Nitrogen trifluoride
6. Sulfur dioxide
6. SO2
MORE PRACTICE…
1. H2O Di hydrogen monoxide
2. NH3 Nitrogen trihydride
3. N2H4 Dinitrogen tetrahydride
4. N2O Dinitrogen monoxide
Nitrogen monoxide
5. NO
1. Water
2. Ammonia
Common
3. Hydrazine
names
4. Nitrous oxide
5. Nitric oxide
ACIDS
Molecules can be put in aqueous solution
(water) and they make acids
Compound classified as an ACID if it releases
H+ ions when put in water solution
Only name acids if molecule is put in
water!!!
Two types
BinaryAcids
Oxyacids
BINARY ACIDS
Hydrogen & one other element
Sometimes there are more than 2 elements
To name hydrogen, use prefix Hydro-
Second element use Root (or form of root)
followed by suffix –ic
Ifthere are more than 2 elements involved, use the
root of the polyatomic ion that acid contains
Add the word acid to the end
Example: HCl
Hydrochloric acid
Example: HCN
Hydrocyanic acid
OXYACIDS
Acids thant contain OXYANION
What is an oxyanion?
Polyatomic ion that contains oxygen
First: Determine anion present
Use a form of the root of the anion
Add suffix
Anion suffix –ate….oxyacid suffix= -ic
Anion suffix –ite….oxyacid suffix= -ous
Add the word acid
Example:HNO3
Oxyanion: nitrate NO3-
Oxyacid name: nitric acid Hydrogen is
Example:HNO2 not named in
Oxyanion: nitrite NO2- oxyacids!!!
Oxyacid: nitrous acid
NAMING ACIDS SUMMARY
Acids
Binary Oxyacid
* Drop –a & -o
before ‘oxide’
AIR POLLUTION CLASS WORK
Formula of Name of Formula of Name of
Pollutant Molecule Acid Acid
Many common air
pollutants form
acids when SO2
dissolved in a
water solution
Complete the Carbonic
following table acid
NO2
HNO3