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ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
<==
HORMONE chemical
Hypothalamus
Gland
It is a part of the brain that serves
as a link between the endocrine
system and the nervous system.
The hormones it secrets stimulate or
inhibit the pituitary gland from
releasing its hormones.
The hypothalamus senses when the
level of a certain hormone is low.
Hormone:
Oxytocin
it stimulates the
contraction
of the uterus when the
mother is in labor.
- responsible for the
release
of milk from the breast
Pituitary Gland
Hormones:
Pineal Gland
is
Hormone:
Melatonin
promotes the
development
of the ovaries and testes
Thyroid Gland
stimulated
Hormones:
Thyroxin controls or regulates how
fast the body burns up
food to produce energy
or metabolic rate
- stimulates the growth and
mental development
Calcitonin decreases the amount
of calcium in the blood
Hormone:
Thymus Gland
is an organ found in the chest. It is
found above and in front of the
heart.
Babies are born with large thymus
but when they reached adulthood,
the thymus has nearly disappeared.
Hormone:
Adrenal Glands
are
Hormones:
Aldosterone helps regulate metabolism
and maintain water
balance
Adrenaline helps the body cope with
emergencies
Cortisol helps the body fight infections
Pancreas
Hormone:
Alpha cells secrete:
- Glucagon stimulates the liver to
change the stored glycogen to glucose to
release it into the blood.(raises blood
sugar level)
Beta Cells secrete:
- Insulin facilitates the transport of
glucose into the cells. (lowers blood sugar
level)
* These 2 hormones are important in
maintaining the normal sugar or glucose
level in the blood.
Male hormone
Testosterone
stimulates the
production of sperm and
promotes the development of the
secondary sex characteristics
such as broadening of shoulders,
muscular development and the
growth of beard and moustache.
Female hormones:
GLANDS
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY
HORMONES
- Oxytocin
-Growth Hormone
-Prolactin
-Thyroid-stimulating hormone
THYROID
-Sex-gland stimulating
-hormone
Melatonin
-Thyroxin
PARATHYROID
-Calcitonin
- Parathormone
THYMUS
- Thymosin
ADRENAL
-Aldosterone
Adrenaline
- Cortisol
PANCREAS
-Insulin
- Glucagon
GONADS (Sex
Glands)
A. TESTES (Male)
- Testosterone
PINEAL
B. OVARIES (Female)
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
DISEASES
Giantism/Gigantism
Dwarfism
Acromegaly
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Cretinism
Diabetes
Giantism/Gigantism
-excessive growth
and height (2.4 -2.7 m)
significantly above
average caused
by over-production
of growth hormone
Dwarfism
- lack of growth
hormone, usually due
to malfunction of the
pituitary gland
Midgets-adults with
height of less than
4 ft 10 in (1.2 m)
Acromegaly
- A chronic disease of
adults marked by
enlargement of the bones
of the extremities, face,
and jaw that is caused
by overactivity of the
pituitary gland.
Hypothyroidism
- underproductivity of the
thyroid due to lack of
iodine in the diet that is
necessary for the
production of thyroid gland
- goiter (enlargement of
the thyroid glands)
Hyperthyroidism
- overproductivity of
thyroid gland.
-Symptoms are increased
appetite, weight loss,
dry skin, toxic goiter
development and the
eyes bulging
Cretinism
- a deficiency in
thyroxin during
the development of
a fetus which causes
short in height and
mentally retarded
Diabetes
Pancreas
Mellitus
produces
little or no insulin.
Hyperglycemia
(too much sugar,
lack insulin)
Hypoglycemia
(less sugar, too
much insulin)
Proper Care
Take a bath regularly or wash the
body organs as often as possible.
Eat the right kind of food.
Avoid eating too much sweet and
fatty foods.
Drink lots of liquids.
Have enough rest and sleep.
Have a regular exercise.