SCIENCE PRESENTATION

8.6 & 8.7 FUSE AND EARTH WIRE

& SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THE
USE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Group members : Asha Najihah
Alya
Wan Deena
Chi Yen

Alyssa
Jin wei

THE FUNCTIONS OF FUSE AND

EARTH WIRE
A fuse prevents excess current from flowing
through an electrical appliance.
A conductor will heat up if an unusually high
current flows through it.
A fuse is a device used to protect an electric
circuit against excessive current.
It consist of a wire that will melt at a certain
temperature.
The wire is usually made of an alloy of tin
and lead.

TYPES OF FUSES
CARTRIDGE FUSE
~ If it blows the entire cartridge fuse is replaced
~ Fixed in 3-pin plug or electrical devices
~ Rating : 1A , 2A , 5A , 10A and13A

REWIRABLE FUSE
~ If it blows the fuse wire is replaced
~ Placed in the distribution box of house wiring system
~ Rating : 5A , 10A , 15A and 30A

Cartrid
ge fuse

Rewirab
le fuse

THE FUNCTION OF FUSE IN AN

ELECTRICAL WIRING SYSTEM
A fuse has a fuse wire which will overheat and melt if
the current that flows through the circuit exceeds its
rating value.
In electrical wiring system, fuses are fixed at the live
wire before the electrical appliances.
In housing wiring systems, the main cable is
connected to a main fuse before it is connected to the
electrical meter.
Live
wire
Neutral
wire
Main
Fuse

Electricit
y
meter

Main
switc
h

Circui
t
break
er

After passing through the main switch , electricity passes

through the main distribution box which contains a fuse and a
miniature circuit breaker for each of the lightning circuit and
power circuit in the house.
Cartridge fuses are fixed in electrical appliances.
Different fuse ratings are used in different electrical
appliance s, according to their power requirements.
Usually, the rating limit of the fuse that is fixed in an
electrical appliance is slightly higher than the normal current
needed by the appliance.
Fuse rating for various electrical
appliances
Appliance

Operating current,
I(A)

Fuse rating

Light Bulb

0.25

1A

Toaster

4.17

5A

Electric kettle

8.33

10 A

THE ROLE EARTH WIRE IN THE

ELECTRICAL WIRING SYSTEM
When lightning strikes, a large amount of current flows into the
earth. This is because the earth is a good conductor.
Similarity, if there is a short circuit in the electrical wiring system,
the excessive electricity will find the shortest route to flow into the
earth, for example, through our body.
To prevent the current from flowing through ones body which means
we will experience an electric shock, earth wires are incorporated
into the wiring system.
Earth wires connect the metal casings of electrical appliances to the
earth. If the live wire of an electrical appliance is faulty, the large
amount of current will flow to the earth through the earth wire,
instead of through the users body. This will prevent the user from
getting an electric shock.
The dangerous live
electrical wires on the
ground

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THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY

PRECAUTIONS IN THE USE OF
ELECTRICITY
Causes of electrical accidents
~ We use many electrical appliances which are powered by
electricity
~ If we are not careful in handling those electrical appliances,
accidents may occur
~ There are lots of causes of electrical accidents
Unsafe equipment /
appliances
~ Loose
connections
~ Faulty insulations
(wires are exposed)
~ Improper
grounding
~ Defective parts
~ Bare or exposed
parts

Hazardous environment
~ The presence of
flammable or
combustible substances
~ Explosive
environment such as
leaking of cooking gas
in the kitchen
~ Poor housekeeping,
such as storing
flammable materials
near working rooms

Human error
~ Overloading of a
particular power
socket
~ Damp or wet
conditions, such as
split water on floor
or near exposed wire
~ Handling a light
socket with a wet
hand

STEPS TO BE TAKEN WHEN

ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS OCCUR
Electrical accidents may
Damage electrical equipments ( appliances )
Cause electric shock
Cause a fire
Cause an explosion

HOW WE SHOULD RESPOND DEPENDS ON

WHAT TYPE OF ELECTRICAL EMERGENCY IT
IS

(a)ELECTRIC SHOCK
Turn off the power supply at once
Do not try to touch or use a conductive tool to free the victim
Drag the victim away by using an insulator, such as a tie or a dry towel
wrapped around the victims leg
If the victims heart has stopped breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation if you are trained
Call 999 and stay with the victim until help arrives

(b) DAMAGE EQUIPMENT

Cut off the power supply immediately
Do not try to repair it
Send the equipment to a qualified technician for repair

(c ) FIRE
Cut off the power supply immediately
Do not use water if there is a leakage of electricity
Use suitable fire extinguishers to put off the fire
Call 999

SAFETY FEATURES AT HOME TO

PREVENT ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS
1. CIRCUIT BREAKERS

~ Circuit breakers are the important safety features in wiring system at

home.
~ There are two types of circuit breakers :
(a) MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB)
~ The circuit will be broken if there is a short-circuit or when an
overload of current passes through the circuit.
~ Can be switched on again.
(b) EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER (ELCB)
~ Can detect very small current leakage (as small as 25 mA)
~ All the circuits will be switched off in a very short time if leakage of
current is detected.

2. EARTH WIRE
~

Earthed electrical appliances protect us from electric shock when

there is a short circuit.

3. FUSE
~

All electrical appliances should have a fuse with correct rating. This
can prevent the appliances from overloading.

4. DOUBLE INSULATIONS

~ Double insulation can be used to substitute for an earth wire.

~ It has only a 2-pin plug and uses a live wire and a neutral wire.

EXTRA
KNOWLEDGE

THE NEED TO TAKE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THE USE OF ELECTRICITY

1.
2.
3.

Our home is supplied with 240 V, a relatively high voltage.

Therefore, it is necessary to take safety precautious in the use of electricity.
Some safety precautious include checking cables and plugs should be
regularly. Worn out or exposed wires should be replaced. Electrical
appliances should not be handled with wet hands. Avoid overloading by not
connecting too many appliances to one socket and using them all at the
same time. After usage, the electrical appliances should be switched off and
the plugs pulled out from the socket. Do not use faulty electrical appliances.

THE
END !
HOPE EVERYONE
ENJOY OUR
PRESENTATION