Government Engineering College

Palanpur
Branch :- Mechanical Engineering
Subject Name:- Elements of Electrical Engineering (2110005)
Topic Name:-Electromagnetism
Group No. :-3
Enrollment No.
140610119011
140610119012
140610119013
140610119014
140610119015

Magnetism

The north pole of a magnet is the pole that, when the magnet
is freely suspended, points towards the Earth's North
Magnetic Pole(actual magnetic south pole of earth) which is
located in northern Canada.
Earths South magnetic pole(actual magnetic north pole
earth) is located in Antarctica.

Which electrical Appliances Use

Magnets?
Motors(spinning motors, sewing machine ,fan, water pumps etc. )
Transformers

Hair dryers

Food mixers
Microwaves
Refrigerators
A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field.
Lodestone is naturally available magnet.

Magnetic effect of an electric current

HISTORY:
On 21 April 1820, Hans Christian Orsted noticed a
compass needle deflected from magnetic north when the
electric current from the battery he was using was
switched on and off.
This deflection convinced him that magnetic fields radiate
from all sides of a wire carrying an electric current

Right hand thumb rule

An electric current passes through a straight

wire. Here, the thumb points in the direction
of the conventional current (from positive to
negative), and the fingers point in the
direction of the magnetic lines of flux.

Cross and dot conventions

Nature of magnetic field of long

straight conductors

The strength of the magnetic field created

depends on the current through the conductor.
The direction of the magnetic field was dependent on
the direction of the electrical current in the wire.

Right hand grip rule

An electric current passes through a solenoid,

resulting in a magnetic field.
When you wrap your right hand around the
solenoid with your fingers in the direction of the
conventional current, your thumb points in the
direction of the magnetic north pole.

Nature of magnetic field of toroid

A toroidal coil is a group of current loops

on a surface of a torus, that have the
same current
passing
through.
If the radius of the current loop is small
compared to the toroid radius, the
magnetic field is constant.

Nature of magnetic field of solenoid

A solenoid is a coil wound into a tightly packed

helix.
The strength of a coil's magnetic field increases
not only with increasing current but also with
each loop that is added to the coil.
The concentrated magnetic field inside a coil is
stronger than the field outside the coil.

M.M.F

Magneto motive force (m.m.f- or F) is the strength

of a magnetic field in a coil of wire.
Dependent on how much current flows in the turns of
coil.
(i) the more current, the stronger the magnetic field.
(ii) the more turns of wire, the more concentrated the
lines of force.

F ( I N )amper turns

MAGNETIC FIELD/MAGENTIC
FLUX DENSITY (B)

The magnetic field at any given point is specified

by both a direction and a magnitude (or strength).
It is a vector quantity.
The magnetic field is most commonly defined in
terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving
electric charge.

Series magnetic circuit

Magnetic circuit

l
l

Reluctance(R/S) R S
A 0 r A
=
m.m.f
=

NI Hl S

Series -parallel magnetic

circuits

Flemings left hand rule

1. Point the First finger in the Field direction.

2. Point the second finger in the Current direction.
Cause

3. The thumb then indicates the direction of the

Mechanical force exerted by the conductor.
This law is Used In motors

Effect

Magnetic circuit

Faradays experiment
Experiment
1

Experiment
2

Fig (a)

Fig (b)

 Second law:

When the magnetic flux linking a conductor

is changing, an e.m.f is induced
whose magnitude is proportional to the rate
of change of flux- linkages.
induced e.m.f(e) is, (statically induced e.m.f)
N2 N1
e
Wb / s
t

Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction

First law:
It states that, whenever the magnetic
flux linked with a circuit changes, an
e.m.f is always induced in it.
(or)
Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic
flux, an e.m.f is induced in that
conductor

Lenzs Law

In 1834 Heinrich Lenz, a German

physicist, intoduced this law.
The direction of an induced e.m.f. is
always such that it tends to set up a
current opposing the motion or the
change of flux responsible for inducing
that e.m.f.

Thank You