Chapter 18

Cardiovascular System

My heart will go on

Function of heart: pump

Function of heart: pump

The functional cardiovascular system is vital
for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues
and shipping CO2 and waste from them.

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Heart Position

Heart Position
Midsternal line
2nd rib
Diaphragm

Sternum
Location of
apical impulse

Heart Position
In mediastinum between second rib and
fifth intercostal space
On superior surface of diaphragm
Two-thirds of heart to left of midsternal
line
Anterior to vertebral column, posterior to
sternum

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Pericardium

Pericardium

Pericardium: double-walled sac

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium: parietal and visceral

Pericardium: double-walled sac

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium: parietal and visceral

Fibrous pericardium
Superficial;
Protects, anchors to surrounding
structures, and prevents overfilling

Pericardium: double-walled sac

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium: parietal and visceral

Serous pericardium

Deep two-layered

Pericardium: double-walled sac

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium: parietal and visceral

Parietal pericardium
lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium

Pericardium: double-walled sac

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium: parietal and visceral

Visceral pericardium

Epicardium
on external surface of heart

Pericardium: double-walled sac

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium: parietal and visceral

Pericardium: parietal and visceral

Two layers separated by fluid-filled

pericardial cavity
Decreases friction

Pericardium: pericardial cavity

Pericardium: Cardiac tamponade

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTE3nnr-7mk

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Layers of the Heart Wall

Layers of the Heart Wall

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Layers of the Heart Wall: Three layers

Epicardium: Visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium:

Layers of the Heart Wall: Three layers

Epicardium: Visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium: Cardiac muscle cells
Endocardium:

Layers of the Heart Wall: Three layers

Epicardium: Visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium: Cardiac muscle cells
Endocardium: Simple squamous epithelium

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Cardiac valves

Cardiac valves: Mitral and tricuspid

Cardiac valves: Aortic and pulmonary

Cardiac valves: four

Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve
MytryAP.

Cardiac valves: four

Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

Atrioventricular valves
Semilunar valves

Cardiac valves: four

Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve

Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve

Cardiac valves: four

Cardiac valves: four

Cardiac valves: four

Cardiac valves: four

Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

Atrioventricular valves
Semilunar valves

Mitral valve

Mitral valve
Separates left atrium from left ventricle

Cardiac valves: four

Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

Atrioventricular valves
Semilunar valves

Tricupid valve

Tricuspid valve
Separates right atrium from right ventricle

Cardiac valves: four

Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

Atrioventricular valves
Semilunar valves

Aortic valves

Aortic valves
Separates left ventricle from aorta
supporting all the body except lung

Aortic valve incompetence

Cardiac valves: four

Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

Atrioventricular valves
Semilunar valves

Pulmonary valve
Separates right ventricle from pulmonary
artery coming toward lung

Cardiac valves: sound

Aortic valve

Pulmonary valve

Mitral valve

Tricuspid valve

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Functions of cardiac valves

Onewaymovementofblood
Separation

Functions of cardiac valves (1):

Mitral and tricuspid valve
Onewaymovementofblood:fromatriatoventricles
Separatingatriatoventricles

Functions of cardiac valves (2):

Aortic and pulmonary valve
Onewaymovementofblood:fromventriclestobody
Separatingventriclesfrombody

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Four Heart Chambers

Valves separate atria from ventricles
Septa separate left from right

Four Heart Chambers

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

Four Heart Chambers

Right
atrium

Left
atrium
Left
ventricle

Right
ventricle

Four Heart Chambers

Right atrium
Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Four Heart Chambers

Right atrium: from all body except lung

Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium: from lung
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Four Heart Chambers: systemic circuit

Right atrium: from all body except lung

Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium: from lung
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Pulmonary circuit: pulmonary circuit

Right atrium: from all body except lung

Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium: from lung
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Pulmonary and systemic circuit

Pulmonary and systemic circuit

Pulmonary circuit:
lung

Systemic circuit:
All body except lung

Pulmonary and systemic circuit

Pulmonary circuit:
lung

Systemic circuit:
All body except lung

Systemic circuit: Four Heart Chambers

Right atrium: from all body except lung

Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium: from lung
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Systemic circuit

Left ventricle
All body except lung
Right atrium

Pulmonary and systemic circuit

Pulmonary circuit:
lung

Systemic circuit:
All body except lung

Pulmonary circuit: Four Heart Chambers

Right atrium: from all body except lung

Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium: from lung
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Pulmonary Circuit
Right ventricle
lung
Left atrium

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Summary of heart chambers

Right
atrium

Left
atrium
Left
ventricle

Right
ventricle

Summary of heart chambers

Right atrium
Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Left ventricle: to all body except lung

From left atrium, To aorta, To all body except lung

Left ventricle: aorta

Summary of heart chambers

Right atrium
Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Right atrium

From all body except lung, through superior and

inferior vena cava, to right ventricle

Summary of heart chambers

Right atrium
Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Right ventricle:

From right atrium, To pulmonary artery, To lung

Summary of heart chambers

Right atrium
Right ventricle: to lung
Left atrium
Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Left atrium

From lung, then pulmonary vein, To left ventricle

Summary of heart chambers

From

To

Left
Left atrium
ventricle

Aorta,
then all body except
lung

Right
atrium

Right ventricle

All body except lung,

then superior and
inferior vena cava

Right
Right atrium
ventricle

Pulmonary artery,
then lung

Left
atrium

Left ventricle

Lung
Then pulmonary vein

Summary of heart chambers

Pulmonary artery: deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein: oxygenated blood

Oxygen-rich,
CO2-poor blood
Oxygen-poor,
CO2-rich blood

Summary of heart chambers:

Systemic circulation
From left ventricle, aorta, all body except lung, vena
cava to right atrium, taking oxygenated blood away
from the heart to body and then carries
deoxygenated blood back to heart.

Summary of heart chambers:

pulmonary circulation
from right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung,
pulmonary vein, left atrium, carrying
deoxygenated blood away from the heart, and
then return oxygenated blood back to heart

Summary of heart chambers:

atrium
Receiving chambers of heart:
Right atrium
Receives blood returning from systemic
circuit
Left atrium
Receives blood returning from pulmonary
circuit

Summary of heart chambers:

ventricle
Actual pumps of heart:
Right ventricle
Pumps blood into pulmonary circulation
Left ventricle
Pumps blood into systemic circulation

Summary of heart chambers:

atrium Vs. ventricle
Ventricle is thicker walls than atria
Left ventricle is normally thicker than right one.

Summary of heart chambers

Equal volumes of blood pumped to pulmonary
and systemic circuits
Pulmonary circuit short, low-pressure
circulation
Systemic circuit long, high-friction circulation

Summary of heart chambers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE8tGkP5_tc

Chapter 18
Cardiovascular System
The heart

Position
Pericardium
Layers
Cardiac valves and their functions
Four heart chambers
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
Summary of heart chambers
Coronary artery

Coronary artery

Anterior
interventricular
artery

Coronary artery

Coronary artery

Left
coronary
artery
Circumflex
artery

Right
coronary
artery
Posterior
interventricular
artery

Right
marginal
artery

Anterior
interventricular
artery

Characteristics of Coronary Artery

Functional blood supply to heart muscle
itself.
Delivered when heart relaxed
Cannot compensate for coronary artery
occlusion

Treatment of coronary artery occlusion

Percutaneous transluminal coronary
angioplasty (PTCA)

Homeostatic Imbalances of coronary artery

Angina pectoris
Thoracic pain caused by fleeting
deficiency in blood delivery to
myocardium
Cells weakened
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Prolonged coronary blockage
Areas of cell death repaired with
noncontractile scar tissue