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What is Policy?
What is Policy?
Policy we need to understand what sorts of truth might be
spoken, in what languages, and to what ends. (Bobrow,
p.4)
The policy field includes work that seeks only to
understand and explain the process of public policy making
knowledge of, in Lasswells terms. (Bobrow, p.4)
The process of public policymaking includes the manner of
which problems get conceptualized and brought to
government for solution. (Sabatier, p.3)
Policy analysts are often required to give advice to
policymakers in incredibly short periods of time. (Patton,
p.2)
What is Policy?
Policy making can be considered to be a set of
processes, including at least (Kingdon, p. 2-3)
The setting of the agenda
The specification of alternatives from which a choice is
to be made.
and authoritative choice among those specified
alternatives, as in a legislative vote or a presidential
decision, and
The implementation of the decision.
What is Policy?
Policy is an agreed upon course of action,
be it from a legal, political, educational,
economic authority, or an agreed upon
course of action of the basic unit of society
the family.
Policy can involve economics, statistics,
ethics, sociology, psychology, health,
politics, education, environment, and so
forth.
5.
Project
the
Outcomes
1.
Define
the Problem
2. Assemble
some Evidence
4.
Select
the
Criteria
3.
Construct
the
Alternatives
VALUES
Methods of
Policy Analysis
Worldview
set of implicit and explicit assumptions about the
origin of the universe and the nature and purpose
of human life. (Chapra, 1992)
Values are beliefs that something good and
desirable. Values define what is important and
consequently what is worth striving for. (Ibrahim)
Norms are what is acceptable and appropriate
behavior in particular circumstances. (Ibrahim)
Western Worldview
1. Western worldview is NOT monolithic,
however, many if the values have been
influenced by the Judeo-Christian tradition.
2. West represent a continuum of values
Western values
Certain fundamental beliefs can be noted:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Democracy
Liberalism
Individualism
Materialism
Secularism
Consumerism
Individualism
Cost-benefit
analysis
Problems
With the emergence of pluralism, it is
difficult to define the problem, because there
is no ultimate good or bad.
In addition, with the values listed it is
assumed that most things can be monetized
(have a dollar value placed on it.)
Example
Issue is made by the people, without any real information about the impact
of the issue at hand.
Issue goes to
Planning Meeting
Planning Officials
decide if issue
should go to
Chapter Meeting
Individualism
Cost-benefit
analysis
Problems
Navajo Nation reacts to problems using a
non-Navajo approach, but without any real
analysis.