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EkehModestyKelechukwu
Dept.ofChemical&PetroleumEngineering
UCSIUniversity
56000Cheras,KualaLumpur
ekehmodesty@ucsi.edu.my
Syllabus
Fundamental of Reservoir Fluid Behaviours
Typical Reservoir
Gas
Oil
water
Typical Flow
Reservoir fluid must flow to the
surface for marketable oil and gas
Hydrocarbon
Reservoir
Hydrocarbon
Reserves
1
1
N p A h S1w Swi
B oi Bo
G p A h 1 Swi B B
1
1
B
Bgg
gigi
oil
Pressure
Bubblepoint
Oil+Gas
gas
Temperature
Fluid flow in
reservoir
kw A p
qw
L
ko A p
qo
L
kg A p
qg
L
Saturatedwithoil,gasandwater
Recovery
optimization
separator
Oil reservoir
HPHT
CompositionalanalysisuptoC70
Constantcompositionexpension
Viscosity
Differentialliberation
Compressibility
Nonhydrocarbons
Methane7098%
Ethane110%
Propanetrace5%
Butanetrace2%
Pentanetrace1%
Hexanetrace0.5%
Heptane+trace0.5%
Nitrogentrace15%
Carbondioxidetrace5%
HydrogenSulfidetrace3%
Heliumupto5%,
normallytraces
ornone
Nonhydrocarbons
Methane4592%
Ethane421%
Propane115%
Butane0.57%
Pentanev.little3%
Hexanev.little2%
Heptane+v.little1.5%
Nitrogenv.littleupto10%
Carbondioxidev.little4%
HydrogenSulfidev.little6%
Heliumnone
C1C2Fuelgas
upto100C3C6Bottledfuelgas,solvent
Gasoline
100500 C5C10Motorfuel,solvent
Kerosene
350480 C11C13Jetfuel,crackingstock
LightGasOil
450480 C13C17Dieselfuel,furnacefuel
HeavyGasOil
580750C18C25Lubricatingoil,bunkerfuel
LubricantandWax 750950C26C38Lubricatingoil,paraffinwax,petroleumjelly
ResidualOil
950+
C38+ Tar,roofcompound,asphalt,coke
Carbon8487%
Hydrogen1114%
Sulfur0.062%
Nitrogen0.12%
Oxygen0.12%
Alkanes(paraffin)
saturatedH
Alkynes(acetylene)
Alkenes
unsaturatedH
unsaturatedH
triplebonds
olefin:1doublebond
diolefin:2doublebonds
Aromatics
(Benzene)
Cyclicaliphatic
Naphthalene
Alkanes, CnH2n+2
No.ofCarbon
Name
1 Methane
2 Ethane
3 Propane
4 Butane
5 Pentane
6 Hexane
7 Heptane
8 Octane
9 Nonane
10 Decane
20 Eicosane
30 Triacontane
Covalentbond:sharingelectrons
Isomerismsamemolecularformulabut
differentstructure,differentphysicaland
chemicalproperties
Prefixisomersn,iso,neo,etc.
HeptaneC5H12
nheptane
isoheptane
neoheptane
Physicalproperties:Alkanes, CnH2n+2
Melting point
[C]
Density
[gcm3] (at
20C)
Alkane
Formula
Boiling point
[C]
Methane
CH4
-162
-183
gas
Ethane
C2H6
-89
-172
gas
Propane
C3H8
-42
-188
gas
Butane
C4H10
-138
gas
Pentane
C5H12
36
-130
0.626(liquid)
Hexane
C6H14
69
-95
0.659(liquid)
Heptane
C7H16
98
-91
0.684(liquid)
Octane
C8H18
126
-57
0.703(liquid)
Nonane
C9H20
151
-54
0.718(liquid)
Decane
C10H22
174
-30
0.730(liquid)
Undecane
C11H24
196
-26
0.740(liquid)
Dodecane
C12H26
216
-10
0.749(liquid)
Icosane
C20H42
343
37
solid
Triacontane
C30H62
450
66
solid
Tetracontane
C40H82
525
82
solid
Pentacontane
C50H102
575
91
solid
Nomenclature of Alkanes
BasedonIUPAC(InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry)rules:
Alkylgroups(missingonehydrocarbonatom):methylgroup,ethylgroup,prophylgroup
Theserulesareasfollows:
Thelargestcontinuouschainofcarbonatomsistakenasthe
frameworkonwhichthevariousalkylgroupsareconsideredtobe
substituted.Thusthefollowinghydrocarbonisapentane.
Theparenthydrocarbonisthennumberedstartingfromthe
endofthechainandthesubstituentgroupsareassignednumbers
correspondingtotheirpositionsonthechain.Thedirectionof
numberingischosentogivethelowestsumfor
thenumbersofthesidechainsubstituents.Thus,the
hydrocarbonis2,3dimethylpentane..
Nomenclature of Alkanes
Wheretherearetwoidenticalsubstituentsinoneposition
asinthecompoundbelownumbersaresuppliedforeach.
Branchedchainsubstituentgroupsaregivenappropriate
namesbyasimpleextensionofthesystemusedforbranched
chainhydrocarbons.Thelongestchainofthesubstituentis
numberedstartingwiththecarbonattacheddirectlytothe
parenthydrocarbonchain.Parenthesesareusedtoseparate
thenumberingofthesubstituentandthemainhydrocarbon
chain.
Whentherearetwoormoredifferentsubstituentspresent,
thecommonmethodistolistthesubstituentsinalphabetical
order,althoughthesubstituentsaresometimeslistedin
orderofincreasingcomplexity.