IN FEC TIO N A N D

IN FEC TIO N C O N TR O L

IN FECTIO N
What is INFECTION?

Infection is also defined as the

invasion multiplication of
microorganisms on the tissues
of the HOST resulting in signs
and symptoms as well as an
immunologic response.

The production of
m icroorganism injure the
patient by either:
Competing with the HOST

metabolism
Cellular damage produced
by the microbes
Intracellular multiplication

D am age could be
Localized ( pressure sore, infected

pressure ulcer )
Systemic

Note: the severity of infection varies

with the disease producing ability
and the number of invading
organism, the strength of the
defense and some other factors

D iagnostic Assessm ents:

WBC elevated in acute

inflammatory disease, bacterial

disease
5- 10 x 109 /L
Lymphocytic and monocytic fractions

elevated in viral diseases

20%- 30%; 2%- 6% fraction

D iagnostic Tests
ESR Elevated sedimentation rates

indicate the presence of

inflammation
< 15 mm/ hr
Culture of Infectious Site provides

information on the growth of

microorganism in the culture media,
to which type.

Why iNFeCtiOn ocCur?

 Some bacteria develop resistance to

antibiotics
Some microbes such as influenza
have so many different strains that a
single vaccine cant protect against
them all
Most viruses resist antiviral drugs
New infectious agents occasionally
arise such as HIV and corona virus

 Some microbes localize in areas of

the body that make treatment

difficult ( bones, CNS)
Opportunistic organisms can cause
infection in immuno- compromised
patients
Most of the people have not received
immunization
Increase in air travel can speed the
virulent organism to a heavily

 Use of biological warfare and

bioterrorism with organism such as

Anthrax, plaque,

is an
increasing threat to public health
and safety throughout the world
the expanded use of
immunosuppressive drugs and
invasive procedures increase the
risk of infection

Role ofthe N urse in

Com m unicable diseases
Render nursing care to the patients with

o
o
o

communicable diseases
Be knowledgeable in the ;
Nature of specific microorganism, and its
capacity to survive in the body and outside
Most effective method to destruct the
specific microorganism
How the organism invades the Host and its
route of escape from the body

o The incubation periods and length of

communicability
o How specific drugs alter the clinical
signs and the infectious course of the
disease
o the most recent methods and
concept of prophylaxis for
communicable diseases
o The rationales and control measures,
including isolation techniques

N U RSIN G CARE
SELF PROTECTION
PREVENTING SPREAD
PHYSICAL CARE OF PATIENT
EMOTIONAL SUPPORT OF PATIENT
SPIRITUAL ASPECT OF CARE

Assessm ent:(com m unity level)

Provides an estimate of the

degree to which a family,

group, or community is
achieving the level of
health possible for them,
identifies specific
deficiencies or guidance
needed and estimates the

CH AIN O F IN FECTIO N

CH AIN O F IN FECTIO N

Assessm ent

Collection of data
Categories of Health Problems

Diagnosing community problem( focus

on communicable diseases)
Planning/ Goal setting
Construction an action plan
Implementation planned care
Evaluation of care and Services provided

In assessm ent;
Investigators study the

current incidence of the

disease in that SPECIFIC
AREA and compare it to the
past incidence rate.

To classify or determ ine if;

Sporadic these are diseases

that occur occasionally an

irregularly
Epidemic- these are diseases

that occurs greater than

expected number in a specific
area over a specific time

To classify or determ ine if;

Pandemic is an epidemic that

affects several countries or

continents
Endemic - are those that are

present in a population or
community at all times. They
usually involve few people during
specific time

InflaMmaTi
On
IRRITATION ON SKIN
SURFACE

IN FLAM M ATIO N
The protective response

of body tissues to
irritation or injury.
Cardinal signs are;
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Often accompanied by loss
of function

M AN AG EM EN T FO R IN FECTIO N

THANK
YOU!!!