REV-080022

NECs proposals for LTE Advanced

NEC Corporation
7th, 8th April 2008
3GPP RAN IMT-Advanced
Workshop

Introduction
In REV-080021, NECs view on requirements of LTE Advanced have been
shown
Following technical features are focused here to meet part of these
requirements
Proposal 1 : Adaptive Uplink Multiple Access
To be optimized for wider system bandwidth
To achieve good trade-off between cell throughput and cell coverage
Proposal 2 : Advanced SON solutions for radio optimization
To reduce the human oriented manual operations for lowering Cost of
Ownership (CAPEX and also OPEX)
To allow Always on RAN performance monitoring for maintaining better
RAN performance
Proposal 3 : Advanced RRM solutions for full scale femto deployments
To reduce the impact on macro-femto and femto-femto interference.

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LTE-Advanced Feature Proposal 1:

Adaptive Uplink Multiple Access

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Background

Proposal 1

In LTE Advanced, system bandwidth can be much wider than that in LTE
(ex. 100MHz for DL and 50MHz for UL in maximum)
Higher frequency selectivity
f

Severer power limited condition

UE
UE
Under these conditions, system should be optimized with considering the
trade-off between cell throughput and cell coverage
Proposal: Adaptive uplink multiple access
DFT-s-OFDM with Spectrum Division Control
Adaptive selection of DFT-s-OFDM and OFDM
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DFT-s-OFDM with SDC

Proposal 1

DFT-s-OFDM can generate both single carrier signal and multi-carrier

signal
LTE adopts single carrier generation only currently to achieve the lowest
PAPR
Restriction in resource allocation

Cell throughput can be maximized by controlling SD (Spectrum Division)

considering trade-off between PAPR and resource allocation flexibility

SC-FDMA(SD=1)f

Data

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DFT

Sub-carrier
mapping

IFFT

MCFDMA(SD=4)
5

+CP

PAPR of DFT-s-OFDM with SDC

Proposal 1

PAPR increases gradually as SD (Spectrum Division) is getting

larger.
We can find UE-specific SD to satisfy different PAPR
requirement.

OFDM

SD=1

SD=2

SC-FDMA
f

DFT-s-OFDM

SD=4

QPSK
f
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DFT-s-OFDM with UE-specific SDC

Proposal 1

Spectrum Division (SD): Number of discontinuous resource block

(RB) groups
UE-specific SD: CQI-based SD for different UE
High throughput of cell-center users
Low PAPR of cell-edge users
Flexible
resource
allocation
UE3

UE1

SD
4

UE2
Low PAPR

SC-FDMA

2
f

DFT-s-OFDM
w/ SDC
f
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1
UE3

UE2

UE1

CQI Level

Adaptive selection of DFT-s-OFDM / OFDM

Proposal 1

Base Station selects DFT-s-OFDM or OFDM depending on the cell size

For Macro cell:
DFT-s-OFDM (Wide coverage with low PAPR)
For Micro/Femto cell: OFDM (Higher Peak Rate with MIMO)
Cell
Specific

Femto/Micro Cell:
OFDM

Macro Cell:
DFT-s-OFDM

Additional use of OFDM in cell center of Macro cell gives extra gain
UE specific(Hybrid)use of DFT-s-OFDM and OFDM could be applicable
UE Specific Macro Cell:
DFT-s-OFDM /
(Hybrid)
OFDM

OFDM

Femto/Micro Cell:
OFDM

DFT-s-OFDM

On either cell specific or UE specific,

tradeoff in Complexity and Throughput must be considered
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Summary

Proposal 1

The followings have been proposed for LTE+ uplink access scheme to
achieve good trade-off between cell throughput and cell coverage
DFT-s-OFDM with SDC (Spectrum Division Control)
Throughput optimization by CQI-based Spectrum Division for different
UE
Lower SD for power limited UEs to achieve lower PAPR
Higher SD for non-power limited UEs to achieve higher scheduling
flexibility
Adaptive selection between DFT-s-OFDM and OFDM
Cell specific selection
OFDM for small cell to maximize MIMO gain
DFT-s-OFDM for large cell to maximize coverage
UE specific selection
- Higher gain than cell specific one is expected, but actual gain
should be investigated
- Increase of complexity by introducing UE specific adaptation should
be carefully investigated
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LTE-Advanced Feature Proposal 2:

Advanced SON solutions
for radio optimization = SONv2

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NEC Confidential

Introduction:
Self-X Radio Access Network

Proposal 2

Self-X RAN == More Intelligent RAN

Self Organizing based on PnP behavior
Self Optimizing based on always on monitoring
Self Coordinating based on distributed decision
Self Healing based on detection/reporting

Why Self X Technologies?

Reduce the human oriented manual operations.
Lowering Cost of Ownership (CAPEX and also OPEX)
Always on RAN performance monitoring
Maintaining better RAN performance

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Release 8 SON Features

Proposal 2

SON related Agreements in Release 8

Global Cell ID and Automatic Neighbor Search

Building up neighboring cell list

eNB measurements

ANR mechanism allows detection of missing neighbour relation

=> automatic optimization of the neighboring cell list

RACH access, DL/UL throughputs, RB utilizations

UE measurements

Detected cells, Global cell ID

SON features in Release 8 provide a good starting point and more

SON features are needed for LTE advanced systems.

LTE advanced should focus not only on L1 speed but also more
advanced SON mechanisms

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Example 1:
Self-deployment of eNodeBs

Proposal 2

More autonomous deployment becomes obviously more interesting

Without planning of radio parameters
Also useful study item for home NodeB deployment

Start with minimal coverage and gradually increase cell size

Radio scanning to find unused resources
Negotiation with neighbor cells about spectrum resource usage

Resource negotiations

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Example 2:
Self Neighbor Scanning HeNB

Proposal 2

Operator will have many thousands/millions of home eNB.

Human operation based configuration of each hEB is not economical.

Home eNB frequently scan

All neighbors of own or other PLMN ID
heNB capable of scanning neighboring macro cells/frequencies

All neighbors of other RAT

heNB capable of scanning neighboring UMTS/WIMAX cells

Scan results are sent to the central server

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Proposal 2
Example 3:
Self Coordinating Interference Management

To coordinate scheduling in interfering cells,

Alt1: Semi-static restrictions for users close to cell borders
Self coordination between cells set by rules
Agreed in Release 8 as HII
Alt2: Short time-scale coordination
Very high speed of coordination for re-optimization based on load in different cells
X2 based
Standardized RRM
Procedures

frequency

Slots that are not

to be used for high
power transmission
in blue cell

time
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Proposal 2

Example 4: HO Parameterization Optimization

Handover parameter optimization triggered by performance
problems
Optimization of individual neighbor-to-neighbor parameters
E.g. HO hysterisis control

Slow optimization loop

Cautiously change parameter to avoid user perceivable degradation
Evaluate results through performance monitoring

Reporting of Radio Link Failure

with Location
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Proposal 2

Example 5: UE Measured Performance Reporting

Real performance based UEs reporting of poor user experiences

Problem analysis

Drawing the real performance map over X days or Y weeks.

RAN parameters

For example, very low throughput reporting (below 64kbps at location X,Y)

Antenna tilt, TX power, Scheduler parameters,

Slow optimization loop

Cautiously change RAN parameters to avoid user perceivable degradation

Reporting of Very Low Throughput

with Location Info

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Proposal 2
Example 6:
Common Channel Self Optimization

RACH, PCH, BCH Power optimizations

Instead of drive tests: slow optimization based on UE reports

received signal strength, channel quality, neighbor signal strength
Ideally also location of UE

Cautious adjustment of power in one cell, monitoring of effects

search optimal settings, e.g. gradient descent

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Example 7: Reduction of
Energy Consumption by RAN

Proposal 2

Partial or complete eNB power down during low load, e.g. at night

Stored profiles used to reconfigure radio parameters for the new topology

Wake up based on timers or external triggers

Question: would operators be interested in solutions that close down an

eNB?

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Summary of Proposal 2:
SONv2 for LTE Advanced

7 examples of SONv2 are presented that can reduce

the cost of ownership of LTE advanced system.
Clear work split between RAN and SA groups
i.e. RAN related parameters & mechanisms to be
handled by RAN groups.

Proposal 2

Always on RAN
performance
monitoring based on
BTS and MS reporting.

Configuration
profiles

Self Deployable Cell

O&M
Measurement
data

Automatic Common
Channel Power
Control
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Very low throughput

reporting with location
info.
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HO failure reporting
with location info

LTE-Advanced Feature Proposal 3:

Several Issues and Challenges
for the Future Full Scale Femto Deployment

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Advantages in Femto cell

deployment in a Radio Aspect

Providing very high throughput for indoor users

Extending indoor coverage
Increasing radio capacity in an outdoor and indoor environment

Macro
NodeB

Outdoor
UE

HSDPA User
Throughput [kbps]

Proposal 3

Indoor
UE

Before introducing femto Cells

Macro
NodeB

Outdoor
UE

Indoor

Outdoor

1Mbps

After
introducing
femto cells

Before introducing
femto cells

400
800 1200 1600

Cell Throughput [kbps]

2000

Example: User throughput of HSDPA

(Category6) at 1 Mbps of cell throughput will
increase by 1.3 and 2.3 times in an outdoor
and indoor environment respectively.

Indoor
Home UE

NodeB

After introducing femto Cells

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2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

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Proposal 3

Interference Scenarios

There are 6 interference scenarios between macro and femto cells or

among femto cells, which may minimize the femto cell advangtages.
Macro UE
Desired signal
1. DL interference
from Femto NodeB
to Macro UE
3. DL interference from

2. UL interference
from Macro UE to
Femto NodeB

Macro NodeB to Femto UE

4. UL interference from
Femto UE to Macro
NodeB

5. DL interference from
Femto NodeB to Femto
UE in another femto cell

Desired
signal

Femto NodeB Femto UE

Macro NodeB

6. UL interference from
Femto UE to Femto NodeB
in another femto cell

The impact of interference will depend on the following:

Radio frequency (same as or different from that of macro NodeBs)
Maximum or CPICH transmission power of Home NodeB (fixed or adaptive)
Indoor environment condition
The number of Home NodeBs per macro cell
Access to Home NodeBs (open or closed)
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RF Selection

Proposal 3

Purpose:
To avoid the mutual interference between femto cells and macro
or micro cells
Solution:
RF is selected for Home NodeBs based on CPICH RSCP
measured at Home NodeBs and cell information such as HCS
or CPICH Tx Power.
If there is a RF whose CPICH RSCP is below a certain level,
then a femto cell selects that RF
Oherwise, a femto cell selects RF which has lowest HCS or
largest CPICH Tx Power.
Assumptions at this example:
-Femto cell is in a micro cell
-CPICH RSCP: RF1 > RF2
-HCS: RF1 < RF2
- (CPICH Tx Power: RF1 > RF2 )

Macro Cell : RF1

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Micro Cell : RF2

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Conventional:
RF2 is selected because of
lower CPICH RSCP, leading
to increasing the interference.
Proposal:
RF1 is selected because of
lower HCS, leading to
avoiding the interference.

Technical challenges
to solve the interference issues

Proposal 3

Home NodeBs are required to function as minimizing the

interference in the self-organizing way.

For example, the following technical solutions to minimize the

interference between macro and femto cells ( from 1 to 4 at the
previous page) can be considered.
RF selection for femto cell
Maximum or CPICH transmission power control of femto cell
considering indoor environment conditions

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Summary

Proposal 3

RF-related technical subjects and the interference mitigation

scenarios for 3G Home NodeB are described.

It is necessary to study techniques for minimizing the interference

which can cause the degradation of indoor coverage or radio
capacity of macro or femto cells.

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