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Definition
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are
caused by pathogenic microorganisms
in the urinary tract (the normal
urinary tract is sterile above the
urethra).
UTIs are generally classified as
infections in-volving the upper or
lower urinary tract.
(Smeltzer., Bare., Cheeve, 2010)
Risk Factors
Female anatomy
Potential causes
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most
common organism in 80-90% of
cases
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Pseudomonas
Other enterobacteria
Clinical Manifestations
Cardinal Symptoms
Frequency
Dysuria
Urgency
Other
Nocturia
Incontinence
Suprapubic discomfort
Low back pain
Fever
Hematuria
Burning on urination
Painful urination
Diagnostic Tests
Urinalysis
Urine Cultures
USG
CT Scan
Cystoscopy
Pharmacologic Therapy
Nursing Care
Nursing care of the patient with lower
UTI focuses on treating the underlying
infection and preventing its
recurrence.
Major goals for the patient may
include relief of pain and discomfort;
increased knowledge of preventive
measures and treat-ment modalities;
and absence of complications.