1975-1986

1.

International and regional settings 1975-1978.

2.

Vietnamese foreign policy 1975-1986

3.

Vietnams relations with: United States , ASEAN

countries, Soviet Union, China.

4.

The Kampuchean Issue

The Vietnamese Cambodian war

The Kampuchean Issue and Vietnams foreign

relations

Period of peaceful co-existence

dtente in the Cold War
US international role weakened (VN,
Southeast Asia, SEATO, CENTO)
Soviet increasing nuclear power &
influence
Costly competition
Domestic problems
Two sides internal problems
Socialist economic and political problems
(Poland, Czeckoslovak, Rumani, Albania)
Western and Japanese economies
West Germans Ostpolitik

Stronger role of Third

World countries
Vietnam war
1973 Oil crisis
Non-aligned Movement

Changes in the
international economy
Internationalisation
Depth rather than
width - restructuring
Science and tech, new
industries

Feb 1972: US-China summit

May 1972: US-USSR Summit

1975: Helsinki Accords Conference on Security and

Co-operation - stabilising
situation in Europe

Economic co-opereation
between US-Soviet Union
Nuclear control: SALT I
(Strategic Arms Limitation
Talks ) - ABM Treaty (AntiBallistic Missile Treaty)

CHINA
Domestic:

SOUTHEAST ASIA
With US and the West
Internal stabilisation
With socialist countries
Economic reform, modernisation,
With Indochinese countries
opening of economy

Relations with the West:

Early 1970s: Rapproachment
with US
Late 1970s: increasing relations
with US and the West

ZOPFAN 1971, TAC 1976

Relations with SU
Relations with Southeast Asia
and other Third World countries

What was the rationale for Sino-US

reapproachment in 1972?

What were the implications of Sino-US

reapproachment in 1972?

Country reunified

Resolution of Fourth Party National Congress

12/1976

Resolution of Fifth Party National Congress

3/1982

 With the United States

With ASEAN countries
With the Soviet Union
With the Peoples Republic of China

10

US policy toward Vietnam after the Vietnam war

Carter administration and the plan for

normalization:
Information about MIA/POW
America welcome Vietnamese membership to
UN and set up full diplomatic and economic
relations
America contribute to Vietnamese war recovery
through trade, providing technologies and in
other forms

US changed its policy toward Vietnam in early

1978
11

Why did the American-Vietnamese relations

normalisation process fail in late 1970s?

12

ASEANs view toward Vietnam after the

Vietnam war
Afraid of Vietnams revenge for their
involvement in the war
Facing left movement in their own countries.
Vietnamese military was very strong
Vietnams viewpoint on ASEAN

Dependent/lackeys of US
Of a SEATO kind

13

1.

Respect for each others independence, sovereignty,

territorial integrity; nonaggression and noninterference;
equality, mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence

2.

Denial to any country of the use of ones territory as a

base for direct or indirect aggression

3.

Establishment of good-neighbourly relations, economic

cooperation and cultural exchange and settlement of
disputes through negotiations;

4.

Development of cooperation among the countries of the

region for the prosperity of each and for the sake of
genuine independence, peace and neutrality in Southeast
Asia
14

Normalize relations with Thailand and the

Philippines in July and August 1976
respectively. (with Indonesia 1964,
Malaysia and Singapore 1973).
Vice prime minister Nguyen Duy Trinh
toured ASEAN late 1977/ Prime Minister
Pham Van Dong toured 9/1978.
Relations deteriorated since 1978 after
Vietnam sent force to Kampuchea

15

Why did Vietnam-ASEAN relations deteriorate in

late 1970s?

16

ECONOMIC
1976, 1977 Agreements: Coordination of
economic plans, International Investment Bank,
International Bank for Economic Cooperation,
Soviet assistance for Vietnams five year plan
SEV (COMECON)
Trade relations
POLITICAL
Soviets scheme of Collective Security for Asia
Nov 1978 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation

17

Why did Vietnam increase its relations with

Soviet Union after the war?

Problems before 1975: Geneva 1954, American war,

territorial issues

The issue of ethnic Chinese:

The social/economic/political characteristics of ethnic

Chinese community in Vietnam
Pressures from Vietnamese-Chinese conflict:
Vietnams policy, Chinas policy
Troubles surrounding Chinese exodus from Vietnam

Chinese links with Khmer Rouge

Chinas competition with Soviet Union

19

Events
Reasons
Consequences

20

Why did Sino-Vietnamese relations

deteriorate after the Vietnam war?

21

Why did China invade Vietnam in Feruary

1979?

22

 The VietnameseCambodian war

The Kampuchea Issue and Vietnams
foreign relations

23

24

The Khmer Rouge regime; Early Khmer Rouge

attacks and escalation of the conflict

Vietnams reaction and policy

Efforts for negotiation
Change in Vietnams reaction
The Chinese factor

The overthrow of the Democratic Kampuchea

regime and founding of Peoples Republic of
Kampuchea; Vietnam forces in Cambodia

25

The Kampuchean Issue

Relations with China
With ASEAN
With Western countries
With Soviet Union

26

What was position of China toward

Kampuchean issue?

27

What was position of ASEAN countries

toward Kampuchean issue?

28

Why did Vietnam stay in Cambodia long

after the war?

29

Conclusions

30