Structures

Expression of reason
in order to
to .
the reason .
for
We learn chemistry in order to understand the nature.
We learn chemistry to understand the nature.
The reason we learn chemistry is to understand the
nature.
Chemistry is learned for understanding the nature.
Chemistry is learned for nature understanding.

Exercises

Make your own examples related to chemistry

or science.

Make your own examples related to chemistry

or science.

Clauses of result : such a/an that

such a/an + adjective + noun + that

It is such a nice day that I dont want to go to
the English lecture.
contrast with : so + adjective + that
She was so intelligent that she never had to
study very much.

Try your self!

English lecture was a large class. The
lecturer did not have time to answer
everyones questions.
2. Make your own to express complaint!
Model: use so that or such a/an that
Every lecture on Chemistry is difficult.
I can not afford better mark than C.
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Word game and Proverb

Amy is taking typing her assignment for general chemistry class. She can type rather well,
but sometimes she make mistakes. Read the assignment that Amy typed. There are 22
missing letter. Copy the writing, adding what is missing.

An important part of chemistry, of cours is the study of

chemical rections, changes hat occur when chemicals
ineract with each other to frm new and entirey different
substances. A chemcal reaction is an amazing thing to
obsere, and part of the fun of chmistry is watching
chemical reaction to take place. In the stuy f chemistry,
lets examie one jus to see how remarkaby the properties
of the obsered substances chang when he reactin occurs.
Consider a sodium. It is a mtal, so sof that it can be cut
with a knife.
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10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22

Clauses of concession

although, even though, in spite of, in spite of

the fact that
Those words and phrases introduce dependent
clauses they may come before or after the
main clause
Although I studied hard, I failed the test.
I failed the test, even though I studied hard

in spite of may be followed by a noun phrase or

a gerund
In spite of my hard work, I failed the test.
In spite of studying hard, I failed the test.
in spite of the fact introduces a dependent clause
In spite of the fact that I studied hard, I failed
the test.

How about using despite ?

despite is usually used in written English

Exercises

Supersonic airliners fly across the ocean in a few hours, but

the language problem still exists.
I speak English well, but I prefer to speak my own language.
I wore warm clothes when I went out, but I still got sick.
He always does his assignments, but he can not pass the
course.

Clauses of concession

but anyway
just because . that doesnt mean that .
just because is used in informal, spoken
English

Just because chemistry experiment in the lab is amazing, that doesnt

mean that I am not going home.
Chemistry experiment in the lab is amazing, but I am going home
anyway.

Emphasize decision

using whether or not or whether . or not.

Clauses with whether or not may also follow
the main clause.
Whether it is raining or not, I am going to class.
Whether or not it is raining, I am going to class.
I am going to class whether it is raining or not.

Exercises using whether or not

The lecturer should not give a quiz. The

students did not have time to study.
They should study hard. They are going to
have an exam.

Word building : noun suffix: -y

suffix y is used to make a few verbs into

nouns

They discovered gold in 1849.

The .. was made in 1849.

We will inquire about the lost letter.

We will make an ... about the lost letter.

Crossword puzzle : using a relative

pronoun who

Word game (familiar words beginning

with re-)
To bring back the gold in the gold waste of a
gold refinery.
What is the chemical technique used ?
2. To look like
3. To ask for
4. To say no to a request
1.