TEACHING

APPROACHES
& METHODS

APPROACH
set

of assumptions
that define beliefs
and theories about
the nature of the
learner
and
the
process of learning.

An

approach is an
enlightened viewpoint
toward
teaching.
It
provides philosophy to
the whole process of
instruction.

Approach

gives
the
overall
wisdom,
it
provides direction, and
sets expectations to the
entire spectrum of the
teaching process.

Approach

sets the
general
rule
or
general
principle
to make learning
possible

TEACHING APPROACHES IN THE

K+12 CURRICULUM

Curriculum

shall be
learner centered,
inclusive and
developmentally
appropriate

TEACHING APPROACHES IN THE

K+12 CURRICULUM

Responsive

&
Relevant and
research based.

TEACHING APPROACHES IN THE

K+12 CURRICULUM

Contextualized

and global.

TEACHING APPROACHES IN THE

K+12 CURRICULUM
Use

pedagogical
approaches that are
constructivist, inquiry
based & reflective,
collaborative and
integrative.

Integrative

approach

Can be
intradisciplinary,
interdisciplinary or
transdisciplinary
-

Intradisciplinary
integration: when
the integration is
within one
discipline

Interdisciplinary
integration: when
the integration is
within 2 or more
disciplines

Transdisciplinary

Integration:
integrating your
lessons with real
life applications.

TEACHING APPROACHES IN THE

K+12 CURRICULUM
Spiral

Progression
Approach
Develop the same concepts
from one grade level to the
next in increasing complexity.
also interdisciplinary

TEACHING APPROACHES IN THE

K+12 CURRICULUM

MTB-MLE

based
Mother tongue based
Multilingual
Education
(K to Grades 1 to 3)

RA 10533 states MTB-MLE

starts from where the

learners are and from
what they already
know proceeding from
the known to the
unknown.

METHOD
Overall

plan
for
systematic presentation
of a lesson based upon
a selected approach.

Some

call it design.

is

an organized,
orderly, systematic,
and well-planned
procedure aimed at
facilitating and
enhancing students
learning.

It

is undertaken according
to some rule, which is
usually psychological in
nature.
That
is,
it
considers primarily the
abilities,
needs,
and
interests of the learners.

It

directs and guides

the teacher and the
students
in
undertaking any class
lesson or activity.

DIFFERENT METHODS OF
TEACHING

DIRECT & INDIRECT

METHOD
-Direct Method:
teacher dominated
-Indirect Method:
learner dominated
1.

DIFFERENT METHODS OF
TEACHING

2. DEDUCTIVE or INDUCTIVE
METHOD
- DEDUCTIVE METHOD: begin
lesson with a generalization,
a rule, definition and end
with illustrations or with
what is concrete.

INDUCTIVE METHOD:
lesson begins with
examples, with what is
known, with concrete and
with details and ends with
generalization, abstraction
or conclusion.

DIRECT

& DEDUCTIVE
TEACHING go together.

INDIRECT

& INDUCTIVE
TEACHING go together.

INDUCTIVE AND INDIRECT

INSTRUCTION
Experience,examples,

Abstract,

details, known

rule, Definition,
Generalization, unknown

DEDUCTIVE AND DIRECT

INSTRUCTION
Abstract,

rule, Definition,
Generalization, unknown

Experience,examples,

known

details,

TECHNIQUE
Specific activities
manifested in the classroom
that are consistent with a
method and in harmony with
the approach as well.
Referred to as
the task or
activity.

TECHNIQUE

- teachers enable to
develop, create and
implement, using her
distinctive way, the
procedures (method)
of teaching.

Teaching Strategy
In

due time, educators

and writers started using
the term teaching
strategy with reference to
the methods and
procedures utilized in
teaching.

Teaching Strategy
The

term strategy is
derived from the
Greek word
strategos, literally
translated as the
art of the general.

 In

the context, it was defined as

the efficient application of
resources to the
accomplishment of objectives,
primarily the defeat of the enemys
armed forces.

While

the larger aspects of

conducting war were called
strategies, smaller movements
were referred to as tactics (Levis,

 Teaching

as a system of
actions intended to induce
learning, and strategy as a
pattern of acts that serves to
obtain certain outcomes and
to guard against certain
others.
- mentioned in the paper
entitled Toward a Theory of
Instruction by Smith (1963)

It was necessary to identify

particular teaching strategies
required for particular types of
instructional objectives.
The main aim of strategies, she
proposed, was the development
of childrens thinking skills.
Taba (1969)

Strategy is designed to
facilitate a particular kind of
learning in a given situation
and in terms of a specific
learning objective. The
strategy is selected for use
after a comprehensive
assessment of the specific
situation prior to the actual
instructional art.

Teaching

strategy is a
teaching approach that
is used either in
solving a classroom
problem or in
improving instruction.
McClosky (1971)

Willard

B. Spalding who
used the term strategy in
1958, stated that the
curriculum is the strategy
by which the schools
attempt to fulfil the goals
of education.

Teaching strategies represent

the combinations of specific
procedures or operations,
grouped and ordered in
definite
sequence
that
teachers can use in the
classroom to implement both
cognitive
and
affective
objectives.
Frankael (1973)