Internal and External

security in India
Akriti
Deepti
Neha
Shalini

External security is security against external

aggression by a foreign country
External security is solely the responsibility of
the armed forces of the country
External security comes under the purview of
the Ministry of Defence.

What is External Security

External threats arise from an unsettled

boundary dispute with China and jihadi
terrorism in Jihadi
Pakistan-based Islamist fundamentalist
organizations like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-eMohammad who, in turn , are linked with
internationaljihadigroups like Taliban and Al
Qaida

Cross border threats

Threat from Bangladesh has became a base for

northeast insurgent groups like ULFA and
Naga
Nuclear threat from neighboring states and
fromjihadigroups have the potential of using
nuclear weapons in the foreseeable future,
significant being China-Pakistan nuclear nexus.

Cross border threats

Different communities fiercely assert their caste

identities leading to caste wars, thanks to vote
bank politics of quota reservation
The recent violence unleashed by Gujjars
resulted in massive loss of life and public/
private property
Growing unemployment and widening
economic disparities exacerbate social tensions
and conflicts. This phenomenon is accentuated
by privatization and globalization

Vote bank politics

Over the last six decades both the erstwhile

Moscow/Beijing- led Eastern Bloc and US-led
Western bloc, though heavily armed with
nuclear weapons, have refrained from issuing
verbal threat /warning of use of nuclear option
This is in sharp contrast with Pakistani rulers
who have been issuing threats of using nuclear
option in Kashmir.

Nuclear weapon

Emergence of Islamistjihaditerrorism has

injected a new element which is far more
hazardous in the event of nuclear weapons
falling in the hands of organizations like Al
Qaida and Taliban.

Nuclear weapon

Internal security is the security of a country within its

borders. This basically implies maintenance of peace and
law and order, and upholding sovereignty of the country
within its territory.
Internal security is different from external security to the
extent that external security is solely the responsibility of
the armed forces of the country, while internal security
comes under the purview of the police, which can be
supported by the armed police forces, if required.
In India, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) takes care
of internal security, while external security comes under
the Ministry of Defense.

Internal Security

The main attributes of internal security are:

Secure territorial integrity and protect internal
sovereignty
Maintain domestic peace
Prevalence of law and order
Individual freedom for people as guaranteed
by the Constitution
Peaceful co-existence and communal harmony

Attributes of Internal
Security

Hinterland terrorism is the terrorism that is

spread all across the hinterland of the country.
Pakistan has adopted the path of proxy war by
supporting terrorist activities in India since the
last three decades:

Khalistan movement in Punjab

Students Islamic Movement of India(SIMI)
J&K militancy & terrorism

Hinterland terrorism

Unfriendly neighbours
Unemployment
Inequitable growth
Widening gap between haves and have nots
Rise of contentious politics based on sectarian,
ethnic, linguistic or other divisive criteria

Factors Responsible for

Internal Security Problems

Insurgency uses armed conflict to overthrow the

existing social order and reallocate power within the
country.
For instance, the Naga insurgence, is one of the oldest
unresolved armed conflicts in the world.The Naga
rebels have been insisting on their sovereignty and
also demanding the creation of a Greater Nagaland.
The insurgent groups inTripuraemerged in the end
of the 1970s, as ethnic tensions resulted between
theimmigrants from nearby Bangladesh and the
tribal native population.

Insurgency in North- East

The later part of the sixties saw the rise of

Naxalism as a result of prevailing social and
economic issues originally in West Bengal
Inspired by the doctrines of Mao
Zedong,Naxalites work to overthrow the
government and upper classes by violence
The movement is viewed with greater anxiety in
the government because it is most intense in
areas that are rich in natural resources and,
therefore, targeted for fast-track industrial
development

Left-wing extremism

Caste-related violenceoccurs in India in

various forms. According to a report
byHuman Rights Watch, Scheduled Tribes or
adivasis continue to face discrimination,
exclusion, and acts of communal violence.
Ranvir Senais acaste-supremacist fringe
militia group based inBihar. The group is
based amongst the higher-caste landlords. It
has committed violent acts againstDalitsand
other members of thescheduled
castecommunity in an effort to prevent their
land from going to them.

Caste and ethnic tensions

The phenomenal growth of the internet and mobile

communication has demonstrated that social media
could play a vital role in spreading disinformation
and fanning violence. The exodus of Northeast
students from the southern states in 2012 in 2013 is
an example of the problems being created due to
the fast growing communication systems.
Fearing for their lives amidst threats and rumours
of retributive violence, many citizens from
Northeast India fled the Indian metropolitan
centres of Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, etc

Cyber-crime and cybersecurity

Fin.