Subject:

Subject code:
Submitted to :
Submitted by:

Sociology
Soc-101
Miss Anila Irum
Group 7
Amna Shehzadi
Rimsha Irshad
Javeria Tariq
Fazila Akram
Mishal Rabbani
Umer Iqbal
Naila Aslam

-014
-049
-041
-037
-050
-098
-034

CONTENTS

Health and medicine

What is health?
Health issue
Medicine
Theoretical analysis of health and medicine
What is politics?
Politics of Pakistan
Government
Forms of government
Government vs. politics

HEALTH
Health -- a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being.
Health careis defined as any activity intended
to improve health.

Disabilityis defined as a reduced ability to

perform tasks one would normally do at a given
stage of life and that may result in
stigmatization or discrimination against the
person with disabilities.

HEALTH IN HISTORY

The simple technology of hunting and

gathering societies made it difficult to
maintain a healthful environment.

Health in low economic countries-

Abject poverty leads to poor nutrition and is

linked to poor sanitation, contaminated drinking
water, and infectious diseases.

Health in high economic

countries-medical advances reduced the

impact of infectious diseases.

SOCIETY AND HEALTH

It is as much a social as a biological issue

What is defined as health and illness is influenced
by culture.
People judge their health in relation to others
they know.
People define as healthy what they think of as
morally good.
Cultural standards of health change over time.
Health relates to a
societys technology.
Health relates to social inequality

HEALTH ISSUES
Social epidemiology -- the study of how health and
disease are distributed throughout a societys
population.
a) Age and sex
b) Social class
c) Regional differences

CONTINUE..

Eating disorder --an intense involvement in

dieting or other forms of weight control in
order to become very thin.
Cigarette smoking -- the most serious
preventable health hazard.
Obesity over weight and increase risk of
disease

MEDICINE

Medicine -- a social institution concerned with

combating disease and improving health.

The institution ofmedicineis responsible for

defining and treating physical and mental illnesses
among members of a society.

CONTINUE.

PHYSICAL ILLNESS-The institution of

medicine must not only define illness but
also figure out how to cure it. illnesses
are thought to originate primarily from
physical sources, and doctors use
biomedical or surgical cures to treat them.
MENTAL ILLNESS-The symptoms and
origins of a mental illness can be as varied
as those of a physical illness. Hearing
voices or hallucinating are generally
viewed as symptoms of a mental illness,

CONTINUE.
HOLISTIC MEDICINE-- emphasizes
prevention of illness and takes account of
the persons entire physical and social
environment.
1-treat patient as people
2-encourage responsibility,not dependency
3-provide personal treatment.

CONTINUE

SCIENTIFIC Medicine:
dominates health care,
meaning the logic of science is applied to
research and treatment of disease and injury.

THEORETICAL ANALYSES OF
MEDICINE AND HEALTH
Structural-functional analysis
sick role -- patterns of behavior defined as
appropriate for people who are ill.
The sick role has three characteristics:
a) Illness suspends routine responsibilities.
b) A sick person must want to be well.
c) An ailing person must seek competent help

CONTIUE.
.

The physicians role:

it claims of sickness and use their
specialized knowledge to restore patients to
normal routines.