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arc welding
EN 1011-2 arc welding of ferritic
steel
EN 1011-3 arc welding of stainless
steel
PASSIVE LAYER
A thin transparent and tightly adherent film on
the surface of stainless steel which protects
them from corrosive attack
FERRITE NUMBER
A number indicating magnetic attraction,
approximately equal to ferrite (delta ferrite)
content over the range of 0% to 10%.
STABILIZED/ UNSTABILIZED
Stabilized steel contain additions of strong
carbide / nitride forming elements (titanium or
niobium), which limit the formation of chromium
carbides/ nitrides, allowing the stainless steel to
retain its corrosion resistance, particularly
around grain boundaries.
PROBLEMS IN WELDING
Solidification cracking
Poor solubility of impurities like Phosphorus,
Boron,
Sulphur, Selenium, Silicon etc in austenite
Segregate along GB during solidification
GB becomes weaker
Tendency to develop cracks i.e. Micro fissures
under
solidification stress.
Remedy
By producing some ferrite (4-5%) in the weld
metal
CONSEQUENCES OF WELDING
1)COLD CRACKING.
Cold cracking due to low toughness can be
avoided by
preheating in the range of 200 300C for
over 3mm
thickness and conditions of high restraints to
be
avoided
2) HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT
Hydrogen embrittlement or hydrogen induced
cracking can be avoid by keeping the
CONSEQUENCES OF WELDING
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical properties of weld metal of
austenitic and ferritic stainless steel
consumables should match with the
requirement of the parent metal
Ferritic stainless steel of low ductility shall be
preheated from 200 to 300C prior to cold
forming
CONSEQUENCES OF WELDING
4) CORROSION RESISTANCE
Ferritic stainless steel suffer from inter granular
corrosion, unless chromium depletion is
avoided by low content of carbon and nitrogen
by stabilization
or by annealing at the temperature between
750 - 800C