Urinary system

disorders

M.D. Aris Michel Montesinos

Rebollo

Urinary System
disorders
Introduction
Diet-related.

Kidney stones.

Gout.
Infectious.

Cystitis.

Glomerulonephritis.
Worst complication.

Renal failure.

Urinary System
disorders
Kidney stones

Nephrolithiasis.

Accumulation of mineral and acid salts in the kidney

(calcium, uric acid).
Likely to move to any segment of the urinary system
(urether, bladder, urethra).

Increase of salt intake/decrease of water intake :

hypertonic blood : hypertonic urine : salt accumulation.
Increases the likelihood of urinary infections.

Intense pain (colic) linked to urination, inability to pee,

hematuria, peeing stones.

Treatment.
Lifestyle modifications ; hyperhydration, drugs,
lithotripsy, scope, surgery.

Urinary System
disorders
Kidney stones

Urinary System
disorders
Gout

Gouty arthropathy.

Episodes of joint inflammation linked to high uric acid

blood levels.

Increase of blood uric acid: defective purine

metabolization.
Kidneys ability to clear the blood from uric acid is
surpassed.

Sudden attacks of inflammation in small joints, mainly

big toes: tophus: pain, swell, erythema, local
temperature increase, lack of function (deformity and
limited mobility).
May trigger uric acid kidney stones formation.
Treatment.
Lifestyle modifications (red meat, alcoholic beverages,
asparaghus, sea food); drugs: antiinflamatory, uric acid

Urinary System
disorders
Gout

Urinary System
disorders
Cystitis

Lower urinary tract infection.

Infectious syndrome linked to urinary tract.

Bacterial proleriferation in the bladder.

Likely in: females, kidney stones background, bad habits
(not peeing when feeling the urgence to do so, not
drinking enough water, drinking an excess of sweet
beverages).

Infectious syndrome: fatigue, fever ; dysuria (difficulty

and pain while urinating), urgency, incontinency,
incomplete emptying, hematuria.

Treatment.
Lifestyle modifications (massive water intake,
cranberry/lemon juice); antibiotic drugs.

Urinary System
disorders
Cystitis

Urinary System
disorders
Glomerulonephritis

Damage to the glomerulus/nephron system.

Most common: upper urinary tract infection ; linked to

auto-immune diseases.

Bacterial proleriferation/antibody attack to the kidneys.

Renal function is rapidly lost: life threatening (renal
failure).

Infectious syndrome: fatigue, high fever ; dysuria

(difficulty and pain while urinating), urgency,
incontinency, incomplete emptying, hematuria, back
pain, nausea, vomit.

Treatment.
Underlying cause: Infectious (antibiotics) / autoimmune
(immunosupressing drugs).

Urinary System
disorders
Glomerulonephritis

Urinary System
disorders
Renal failure

Worst complication of all the urinary diseases.

Kidney function is lost or falls below 15%
(filtration/reabsortion).

Sustained/massive acute glomerular damage.

Most common: Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, autoimmune (lupus), toxic consumption.

Hematuria; Brown/black urine; oliguria; anuria.

Swelling, anemia.
Uremic syndrome: itchiness, dry skin, urine-like smell.

Treatment.
Control of the underlying cause, peritoneal dialysis,
hemodialysis, kidney transplant.

Urinary System
disorders
Renal failure