Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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Outline
Introduction
Tongkat
Ali Background
Tongkat Ali Extraction
Experimental Design
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Introduction
80 % imported
Standardisation
Phytomedicine
Standardized extract (100)
Value
added
Engineering Questions
What
Processing Technology
Need to overcome
Optimisation
Scale up
Limited
to
Biology
Chemistry
Pharmacology
Analysis
Phytochemistry
Quassinoids
Alkaloids
HO
OH
O
R
Me
S
S
MeO
O
9-Methoxycanthin-6-one
CH 2
R
O
R
R
R
OH
OH R
R
H
Me
Eurycomanone
Pharmacology
Traditionally
Scientifically
Analysis
Large
used include:
Compounds
Major quassinoids
eurycomanone
longilactone
eurycomalactone
15-acetyl-14hydroxyklaineanone
6-hydroxyeurycomalactone
14,15dihydroxyklaineanone
1,12,15triacetyleurycomanone
Major alkaloids
9,10-dimethoxycanthin-6one
10-hydroxy-9methoxycanthin-6-one
11-hydroxy-10methoxycanthin-6-one
5,9-dimethoxycanthin-6one
9-methoxy-3methylcanthin-5,6-dione
Rf=0.25
Light Florescent
Green
Rf=1.0
Light Florescent
Blue
Rf=0.69
Light Florescent
Blue
UV Vis Spectrophotometer
y = 3.1087x
R2 = 0.9997
50
ppm
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
Area (x1E6)
12
14
16
18
Up
Process
Tongkat Ali
Water Extract
Deionized Water
EXTRACTOR
HOLDING
TANK
Hot Air
SPRAY DRYER
Extract
+ fibre
Dehydrated water extract
(final product)
FILTER
Slurry
Modelling
In solid liquid extraction 4 phenomena occur:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cf
4
Cs
3 C*
2
Can
be done through:-
Theoretical model
Response Surface Methodology
Artificial Neural Networks
Theoretical Model
Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficient, kL
dC f
dt
k L A(C * C f )
C f C f
C f C fo
kA
t
V
Theoretical Model
Solid Diffusion, Ds
If
Theoretical Model
Other factors
Based
Partition Coefficient, K
Can estimate C*
method
Design of Experiment
Quantitative Data
Builds model
Optimises
Good
Optimisation
Method
Based
Scale Up
plant
N 3D2
pilot
Basis
P
N 3D2
V
Dimensionless Numbers
Reynolds
Number
Dv Da N
Re
Sherwood
Number
kL D
Sh
DAB
Schmidt
Number
Sc
DAB
Experimental Design
Preliminary Experiments (1 litre and 5 litre Glassware)
1. Analytical Method development
2. Determination of relevant parameters
3. Fix value for particle size and agitation rate
Preliminary Experiments
Based on UV-Vis calibration to total extract weight
Ratio:
Duration:
30: 60: 90: 120: 150: 180: 210: 240: 270: 300 min
Particle size:
Volume:
Sample:
Preliminary Experiments
Hydrodistillation apparatus
5 litre small scale
Yield (%) versus time for same ratio (60:1g/g) at different scale and particle size
Yield versus ratio for 1hr sample at different scales and particle sizes
Yield versus time for samples with the water to Tongkat Ali ratio of 60:1g/g
UV Absorbance
Dry: 0.2g/ml
Wet: 0.6 g/ml
8-10 % w/w
Fraction of Eurycomanone
K, partition coefficient
0.9-1.3 (preliminary)
2 x10-6m/s
6 x10-6m/s
2 x10-6m/s
6 x10-6m/s
9 x 10-12 m2/s
80 x 10-12 m2/s
9 x 10-12 m2/s
80 x 10-12 m2/s
max at 4 to 5 hours
85 % extracted within 30 min and 90% in 1 hr
40:1 ratio best for Smooth and 50:1 ratio best for Rough particles
Preliminary Experiments in
Progress
Benchscale Experiments
Temperature:
Ratio:
Duration:
Properties
Solid Diffusion, DS
Reynolds number, Re
Sherwood number, Sh
Schmidt number, Sc
Scale Up Experiments
500
Differences
Scale
Conclusion
Future Work
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Conclusion
Recommendations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Work Plan
Phase\Month2004
Preliminary
Benchscale
Scaleup
Phase\Month2005
AnalysisofData
Experiments
Writing
DefenceandPublications
10
11
12
10
11
12
X
X
Contribution
Application
of Engineering Methodology
Physical and chemical parameters
Optimal Extraction parameters
General Optimization and Scale up method
for Malaysian Herbs