Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
(UNGS 2030)
STANDARD CONTENTS
Worldview Defined:
A set of attitudes on a wide range of
fundamental matters.
A comprehensive set of propositions about
various aspects of the world.
A unified and comprehensive view of the
world around us and mans place within it.
4
Revelation
Scientific
conceptual
scheme
Technology
Man-Structure
Conception
of society
Political
Dealings
Science
KnowledgeStructure
World-Structure
Value-Structure
Morality
Life-Structure
Legal Dealings
Technology, Psychology,
experience, etc.
IMPACT OF WORLDVIEWS
10
Worldview as Basic/Abstract
Worldview formulated by
prophets (revelation),
great philosophers and
scientists
Worldview received
applied by ordinary
people
Philosophy of IIUM
Simile
Interpreted and
applied by lecturers
& staffs
Learned and
applied by students
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14
15
16
The Conception:
of God;
of Revelation (i.e. the Quran);
of Gods Creation;
of man and the psychology of human soul;
of knowledge;
of religion
17
of freedom;
of values and virtues;
And of happiness.
Al-Attas, . Ibid, 29
18
19
20
21
22
25
Classification of Worldview
Worldview
Religious
Revealed and
preserved
Atheism
Revealed but
Interpolated
Non-religious
Materialism
Positivism
Rationalism
scientism
26
Another classification
Worldview
Philosophical
worldview
Religious
worldview
Scientific
worldview
27
Religious worldview
There is a universal spirit, god, deity or divine
entity
This divinity has established an eternal moral
order that, in part at least, can be known to
human beings
People have the duty to follow eternal moral
dictates
This human conduct has long-term (beyond
individual death) significance.
28
Characteristics of Religious
Worldview
The Religious worldview considers both
the world of seen and unseen. It is
comprehensive in its perception of the
world. It does not undermine any
dimension of reality and existence
Its basis is on the scripture or sacred,
revealed or non-revealed text.
29
30
Philosophical worldview
It derives from philosophy and it means to deal
with fundamental questions of life.
It uses logical reasoning, deduction, induction ,
mathematic and speculation.
The Philosophical worldview is more wider in its
scope than the scientific worldview. It deals with
issues of philosophical and metaphysical world.
31
32
Main Characteristic
It is more comprehensive than the
scientific worldview, because it deals with
physical and metaphysical realties.
If scientific worldview deals only with
certain part of the universe, the
Philosophical worldview deals with the
entire existence and the universe.
33
Materialism
Materialism is a theory that physical matter is
the only or fundamental reality and that all
beings and processes and phenomena can be
explained as manifestations or results of matter.
Materialism excludes the existence of entities
that are radically different from or superior to the
matter of our ordinary experience.
In materialistic worldview, only matter matters.
Everything that is not physical and material is
not accepted.
34
35
36
37
Postmodernism
Belief that individuals are merely
constructs of social forces, that there is no
transcendent truth that can be known; a
rejection of any one worldview or
explanation of reality as well as a rejection
of the reality of objective truth.
38
40
41
5. Total Doubt
6. Multiplicities of truth, ethnicities, cultures
43
Secularism
The English word secular derives from the Latin
word saeculum, meaning this present age, this
world of change as opposed to the eternal
religious world.
It is defined as the liberation of man from
religious and metaphysical tutelage, the turning
of his attention away from other worlds and
towards this one.
44
Components of secularization
Disenchantment of nature
freeing of nature from its religious overtones. Nature
is not a divine entity.
This provides an absolute condition for the
development of natural science. However highly
developed a cultures powers of observation, however
refined its equipment for measuring, no real scientific
breakthrough is possible until man can face the
natural world unafraid.
45
Desacralization of politics
No one rules by divine right.
Significant political and social change is
almost impossible in societies in which the
ruling regime is directly legitimated by
religious symbols.
46
Scientific worldview
It is based on the premises and findings of
science,
Science is the source of all explanations
pertaining to the issues of creation, life,
men, and other issues
Based on 4 important foundations:
Materialism, logical positivism, empiricism,
skepticism
48
49
50
51
54
57
1.
2.
3.
4.
There are four basic meanings for the word islam (as
submission), moving from the broadest to the
narrowest:
The submission of the whole of creation to its Creator
(3:83;
The submission of human beings to the guidance of
God as revealed through the prophets (3:85;
The submission of human beings to the guidance of
God as revealed through the prophet Muhammad (5:3;
The submission of the followers of Prophet Muhammad
to Gods practical instructions.
Only the third of these can properly be translated as
Islam with an uppercase Islam
59
Islam also means peace and this signifies that one can
achieve real peace of body and of mind only through
submission and obedience to Allah. Such life of obedience
brings in peace of the heart and established real peace in
the society at large.
Every Muslim has to utter this word at least 5 times a day at the end
of each of the five daily prayers.
Not only in this world would the Muslim exchange this salutation but
also in the hereafter and Peace will be their greeting therein
(Quran, 10:10).
61
: al-Iman
Iman is the state of security and safety that a person
enjoys when he is attached to his creator
Technically:
Iman is the belief in the main articles of the Islamic faith:
62
al-Ihsan
Everything we do should be put in Ihsan form,
that is, in beautiful manner.
In Had'ith : ( )
Ihsan means to worship Allah as if you see
Him, or if you dont see Him, He is seeing you.
It also means: to do, or worship Allah in the
manner He likes.
To fear Allah and be certain that He is present,
and watching every deed, and everything one
does.
63
: : : :
(29:69).
: :
(4:125) .
67
68
Taqwa ()
Taqwa is perhaps the most important single term
in the Quran.
And make provision for yourself; the best
provision is taqwa". (Quran, 2:197).
72
73
Comprehensiveness
It covers all aspects of life
It deals with spiritual and material aspects,
dunia ( ) and akhirah ( ) , seen and
unseen, social, economic, political, and
cultural, aspects of human life
75
system,
76
God
God
Hereafter
Hereafter
Vicegerency
Vicegerency
(History/
(History/
Culture/
Culture/
Civilization)
Civilization)
Universe
Universe
Existence
Existence
of Seen & Unseen
of Seen & Unseen
Worlds
Worlds
Life
Life
Man
Man
Truth
Truth
Prophet
Hood
Prophet
Hood
77
Universality
Islam is not meant only for a particular group of
people or a particular period of time, but it is
addressed to all mankind, regardless of their
social strata, races, colors, languages, cultures,
and civilizations.
There is a unity of religion within a diversity of
cultures and ways of implementing the teaching
of Islam.
78
Human nature
Human needs
Belief system
Ritual
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80
: : :: : :
But seek, with the (wealth) which Allah has bestowed
on thee, the Home of the Hereafter, nor forget thy
portion in this world: but do thou good, as Allah has
been good to thee, and seek not (occasions for)
mischief in the land: for Allah loves not those who do
mischief."
81
82
84
Unity of Lordship
This category is based on the fundamental concept that
Allah alone caused all things to exist when there was
nothing; He sustains and maintains creation without any
need from it or for it; and He is the sole Lord of the
universe and its inhabitants.
It is the belief that there is only One God, who is the
creator of everything in the heaven and on the earth.
The belief that this creator is the sustainer ( ) ,
manager of the affairs of the whole universe. He is the
only One who gives life and takes it away. He is Allknowing. He is merciful and does what He wishes,
because He is the creator of everything. Everyone is
dependent on Him whether in heaven or earth.
85
Allah created all things and He Is the agent
on which all things depend."
al-Zumar 39:62
And Allaah created you all and whatever
you do
al-Saffat 37:96
86
Unity of worship
It is the belief in the unity of Allah's worship. He is the
one, who deserves to be worshipped. He is the one who
sets the way how we worship Him and we should follow
His instruction and Shariah as He ordered and
instructed us to do.
All forms of worship must be directed only to Allah
because He alone deserves worship, and it is He alone
who can grant benefit to man as a result of His worship.
Furthermore, there is no need for any form of intercessor
or intermediary between man and God.
87
88
There is nothing like Him and He is
hearer and seer of all. (42:11)
90
91
Shirk
The study of Tawheed cannot be considered complete
without a careful analysis of its opposite, Shirk.
Shirk literally means partnership, sharing or associating,
but Islamically it refers to the act of assigning partners to
Allaah in whatever form it may take.
Some modern Muslim scholars interpret the concept of
shirk to include all forms (kinds) of worshipping others
with God, such as worshipping the material aspect of life
and fearing people more than God and associating
themselves in any act of Satan (Shaitan ).
92
Shirk in Rububiyyah
This category of Shirk refers to either the belief
that others share Allah's Lordship over creation
as His equal or near equal, or to the belief that
there exists no Lord over creation at all.
Most religious systems fall into the first aspect of
Shirk in Ruboobeeyah while it is the
philosophers who tend to fill the second aspect.
94
96
Shirk in al-Ibadah
In this category of Shirk, acts of worship
are directed to other than God and the
reward for worship is sought from the
creation instead of the Creator.
As in the case of the previous categories,
Shirk in al-Ibadah has two main aspects:
97
100
101
Kufr
Kafara literally means to cover, to hide
something; to ignore knowingly the
benefit which one has received, and
thence, to be unthankful.
The root KFR ( )has been used in the
Quran in either of the two, but
conceptually linked, basic meanings:
ingratitude and disbelief.
102
105
107
109
Kinds of Sunnatullah
110
113
114
Characteristics of Sunnatullah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Generality
Permanence
Predictability
Exactness
Diversity
115
:
:
] ]43 :
But no change wilt thou find in Allah's way (of
dealing): no turning off wilt thou find in Allah's
way (of dealing).
116
117
) (9
) (10
) (11
) (12
118
: : : )(37
: : : )(38
: : ) (39
: : : :
)(40
121
123
Manifestations of Sunnatullah in
Human Nature & History/Civilization
( 137 : ( )
Many were the Ways of Life that have
passed away before you: travel through
the earth, and see what was the end of
those who rejected Truth.
124
)
(
( 44 : )
Then sent We our messengers in
succession: every time there came to a
people their messenger, they accused him
of falsehood: so We caused them to follow
one another (to disaster) and We made
them as a tale (that is told): So away with a
people that will not believe!
125
: : :
:
: : :
) (200 :
: : : ) (201
: : : )(202
126
:
: ) (18 : :
: ) (19
:
(
20
)
:
)(21
128
129
:
: ) (123
:
:
: )(124
130
: : : : ::
) (39
:
)(40
132
Prophethood
The centrality of prophethood is evident from the
fact that it forms the content of the second
clause of the Shahadah (testimony). It is also
one of the articles of Islamic faith. The source of
legitimacy of being a prophet is Allah (S.W.T)
through His revelation. As it is impossible for
everyone to receive revelation directly from God,
the prophets (peace be upon them) then
functioned as a channel to receive and transmit
the Divine revelation to humankind. Though both
revelation and prophethood are not the same,
they overlap and are very much interrelated.
135
137
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162
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165
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175
179
181
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184
188
190
192
194
195
196 )( 51 .
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201
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207
Individual Benefits
At individual level, it gives man a unique and
valuable advantage with a greater choice that
has an eternal implication. Anyone who is
concerned with his eternal welfare will
immediately feel the burden of disobedience
awaiting him once he allows himself to be
succumbed to passion and ignorance toward the
precipice of sin and rebellion against divine
command.
208
209
211
Social Benefits
A society composed of such individuals
who believe in al-Akhirah and live to it has
much to gain.
After belief in God, belief in al-Akhirah has
the primary place in preserving social
security and preventing the spread of
corruption, crime and violation of law. It is
a force capable of taming the rebellious
desires of the soul.
213
214
Civilizational Benefits
Belief in al-Akhirah also has civilizational
benefits.
Enamoured with his vast potentialities and
tremendous material achievements, man
can do many things virtue and vice,
commendable and abominable simply
because he can do them. This attitude will
lead to irresponsible subjugation of nature,
amounting to unsustainable development.
216
217
218
220
223
225
Creation of man
Man is Gods creature just like other created
beings. He has been created in the best
conceivable pattern.
God fashioned Adam out of baked clay, which,
when organized into a human being, produces
an extract, sulalah (reproductive semen). When
injected into the womb, this semen undergoes a
creative process, as has been described the
Quran.
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230
Khilfah
Amnah
233
:
)(165
It is He Who has made you (His) agents,
inheritors of the earth: He has raised you
in ranks, some above others: that He may
try you in the gifts He has given you: for
your Lord is quick in punishment: yet He is
indeed Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
234
Meaning of Khalifah
Khalifah means:
One who exercises delegated power on
behalf of the Supreme Authority. In this
way he is not the master but the deputy of
the One who has entrusted him with
power.
235
243
Responsibilities of a Khalifah
Social responsibilities
Economic responsibilities
Political responsibilities
Religious responsibilities
244
Meaning of Amanah
What is meant by Amanah in the Ayat quoted
above?
According to Abdullah ibn Abbas Amanah
means obligatory duties-faraidh.
Fulfillment of Amanah therefore means
fulfillment of the Commands of Allah (SWT); to
establish the Law of Allah (SWT) on the earth.
One who fails to fulfill the Amanah according to
the above Ayat is considered unjust-Zaluman
and foolish-Jahulan.
246
247
248
250
256
Cultural Globalization
Against the environment
Globalized food
Homogenized world
257
Extremism
Extremism literal means:
being situated at the farthest possible point
from the centre;
going to great or exaggerated lengths;
exceeding the ordinary, usual, or expected.
Figuratively, it indicates a similar remoteness
in religion, politics and ethnicity.
258
260
Manifestation of Extremism
1. Bigotry and intolerance
2. Commitment to excessiveness and
attempt to force others to do the same;
3. Obsolete religious excessiveness and
overburdening of others;
4. Harshness in the treatment of people
and crudeness in calling people to Islam
261
263
Duties of Society
Duties of Yong Muslims
Knowledge, values and actions
Sympatric understanding of abilities,
limitations and circumstances of others
5. Knowledge and insight into the sunan of
Allahs creation
6. A dialogue on the Sunan and conditions
of victory
264
Liberalism
Liberalism a political philosophy based on belief
in progress, the essential goodness of the
human race, and the autonomy of the individual
and standing for the protection of political and
civil liberties;
Liberal BROAD-MINDED;
especially: not
bound by authoritarianism, orthodoxy, or
traditional forms.
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266
Liberal
Muslims
object
to
the
implementation of the Shariah on several
grounds:
Against theocracy
For democracy
Rights of women
Right of non-Muslims
Freedom of thought
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